146 Graphic Communications
substitute fonts or resort to the default font if fonts
are missing from the fi le.
Problems also occur when fonts in a document
have the same name as the printer’s fonts, but are
actually different fonts. Computers cannot distinguish
between fonts that are named the same, but originate
from different publishers. It may not always be possible
to substitute one publisher for another. Avoid mixing
publishers within the same typeface family because
it complicates and slows the workfl ow.
Fonts are software and are subject to strict
software licensing agreements. The user is
responsible for maintaining licensed versions of
the fonts used at their location.
Creating Digital
Image and Design
Files
There are several items to consider regarding the
fi les themselves when creating digital design fi les. For
example, the fi le format selected determines the type
of modifi cations possible to the fi le and the type of
fi le compression used affects the storage, portability,
and resulting quality of the fi le. All of these decisions
depend on the design environment and requirements
of the printer.
File Formats
Many different image fi le formats exist; each varies in
the way images are saved, how images can be modifi ed,
and how well images will reproduce. File formats
contain a number of important aspects, including image
placement, resolution, color, and background.
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF or TIF)
The tagged image fi le format (TIFF or TIF) is a
raster graphic fi le used for exchanging bitmapped
images between applications. Depending on the
source application, a TIFF fi le can allow lossless or
JPEG compression. Compression is discussed later
in this chapter. The format supports bitmap, grayscale,
RGB, CMYK, and indexed color models. TIFF fi les
can also be exchanged among several platforms,
including Mac® OS, DOS, PC, and UNIX®.
Tagged Image File Format for Image
Technology (TIFF/IT-P1)
The tagged image fi le format for image
technology (TIFF/IT-P1, also known as ISO 12639)
is a device-dependent format used to describe
four-color documents, including specifi cations for
printing presses. TIFF/IT-P1 is a raster-based input
format designed to be used with high-end color
electronic prepress systems (CEPS). It is favored
by the magazine industry for digital delivery of color
advertising fi les. The P1, or “profi le one,” component
was added when the format was accepted by the
International Standards Organization (ISO) for
consideration as an international standard. TIFF/IT-P1
is designed to reduce the additional time and labor
required when CEPS cannot communicate easily.
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)
The encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is one of the
most stable fi le formats used in delivery to a digital
output device. It is less convenient than a TIFF, but
usually provides more stable output results. EPS
provides a very reliable format for graphic images
because it handles both vector and raster images.
The EPS format provides low-resolution previews
for screen display and non-PostScript printing.
The EPS format supports bitmap, grayscale, RGB,
CMYK, spot color, and indexed color models.
EPS fi les can be used in the open press
interface (OPI) system, which allows low-resolution
images to be placed in a layout, but automatically
replaces them with high-resolution image fi les for
printing. If saved in ASCII data format, EPS pictures
can be opened and read in a text editor.
Windows® Metafi le (WMF) and PICT
The Windows® Metafi le (WMF) is a graphics fi le
format on Microsoft® Windows® systems. The PICT fi le
format is a Mac® graphics fi le that is most commonly
used with the Mac® OS QuickDraw software. Both
WMF and PICT formats can hold bitmapped and vector
images. Many non-Windows® platforms are able to
utilize WMF fi les, but PICT fi les must be converted to
be used on non-Mac® systems.
Desktop Color Separations (DCS 1.0 and DCS 2.0)
The desktop color separations 2.0 (DCS 2.0) fi le
format is an EPS graphic saved as a single fi le that
can include up to six plates (cyan, magenta, yellow,
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