xxix
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Chapter
30
Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .802
Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
Exoskeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
The Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
The Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
The Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Internal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Growth and Development . . . . . . 811
The Egg and the Embryo . . . . . . . . 811
Metamorphosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Chemical Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Sex Pheromones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Aggregation Pheromones . . . . . . . . 815
Alarm Pheromones . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Territorial Pheromones . . . . . . . . . . 815
Allomones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Agricultural Pests and
Benefi cials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Feeding Behaviors and Plant
Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Reproduction Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Beneficial Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Collecting Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Sweep Nets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Pitfall Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Light Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Killing Jars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Preserving Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Careers Related to Insects . . . . . . 823
Agricultural Research
Entomologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Education Entomologist . . . . . . . . . 823
Career Connection:
The Bug Chicks,
Entomologists Kristie Reddick and
Jessica Honaker .............................824
Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . 825
Chapter
31
Disease Management . . . . . .830
Disease Development . . . . . . . . . . 833
Disease Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Organisms That Cause
Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Fungi and Fungal-like
Organisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Organisms Detrimental to
Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
Types of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Testing for Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Two Types of Plant Disorders . . . . . 837
Sick Plants versus Injured
Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
Disease Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Inoculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
Establishment, Growth, and
Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
Dissemination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
Signs and Symptoms of
Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Wilting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Abnormal Tissue Color . . . . . . . . . . 842
Defoliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
Abnormal Increase in Tissue Size . 842
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