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Figure 1.3 The Qumran Caves (A) are located near the Dead Sea. You can see the entrances to caves that were used
for shelter by shepherds over 2,000 years ago. The large cliff dwelling called Montezuma Castle (B) is located in central
Arizona. It gave shelter to Native American farmers who lived there probably over 1,000 years ago. Adobe (C) is still used
in housing today to help keep houses cool in warm climates. The American Indian tepee (D) shows the use of sticks and
natural materials for the structure.
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Tutti Frutti/Shutterstock.com
A
B
C
D
Unit 1 Housing—Human Factors and Infl uences
8
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Some tribes throughout the world, called
nomads, periodically move their residences depending
on weather, available farmland, and other factors.
Today nomadic tribes in Kazakhstan, Central Asia,
still use tents or huts such as the yurt (Figure 1.4). A
yurt is a portable hut made of several layers of felt
covered with canvas. People use these huts in summer
as they move to more fertile growing areas. In winter,
the occupants live in permanent huts with thick walls
to stay warm in severely cold temperatures, which
stay below 0°F for long periods.
Food and Water
In the past, people located their housing near
sources of food and water. They stored food and a
small supply of water in their dwellings while they
prepared and ate their food outside.
Today, areas within dwellings are set aside for
storing, preparing, and eating food (Figure 1.5). Like
those in the past, people today like to prepare food
and eat outside. Some house designs keep this in
mind, sometimes locating food preparation areas in
enclosed patios to make outside eating easier.