• Check Your Understanding questions at the end of each section provide an oppor- tunity to review what you have learned before moving on to additional content. • Build Your Vocabulary activities at the end of each section review the key terms that were presented in the section. By com- pleting these activities, you will be able to demonstrate your understanding of pro- gramming terms. • A concise Chapter Summary at the end of each chapter provides a brief review of the content, which can be used as a reference when studying. • A Chapter Test at the end of each chapter covers the basic concepts presented in the chapter so you can evaluate your under- standing of the material. It is important to assess what you learn as you progress through the textbook. Multiple opportunities confirm learning as you explore the content. Formative assessment includes the following: • Application and Extension of Knowledge activities challenge you to relate what you learned in the chapter with your own ideas, experiences, and goals. • Online Activities on the student compan- ion website provide a review of the key terms presented in each chapter. • Communication Skills activities provide ways for you to demonstrate your literacy and career-readiness skills. • Portfolio Development activities provide guidance to create a personal portfolio for use when exploring volunteer, education and training, and career opportunities. Assess Your Progress ix