Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 18 Introduction to Microsoft Offi ce Servers connected to the Internet have a WWW folder at the root of the computer. Within this folder and its subfolders are all the accessible documents for the web for the server. Figure 1-14 illustrates how the web works. These are the basic steps: 1. The user either enters a location in the navigation bar of a web browser or clicks a link on a web page, which issues the URL for a document to the browser. 2. The web browser transmits that to its WWW program on the host server. 3. HTTP locates the document specifi ed by the URL and, if it does not reside on the same server, requests its delivery to the host. 4. If necessary, the document is delivered via TCP/IP packets to the host. 5. The host delivers the document to the requesting computer using HTTP. 6. The web browser determines how the document should be formatted and displays it. Browsers Browsers are the user’s interface to the World Wide Web. A browser is a computer program that retrieves hypertext documents via HTTP and displays them on the computer monitor. The name is derived from the activity of browsing, or surfi ng, the web to locate fi les. While these FYI If you need help learning the functions of a new browser or version, hover the cursor over each icon to view the tooltip. If more information is required, use the help feature to search for the content of the tooltip. http://www.twitter.com URL Protocol Top-level domain Second-level domain Third-level domain Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 1-13. A URL consists of several subparts. The second-level domain is what most people think of when talking about a website. World Wide Web 1. User enters URL 6. Browser displays content 5. Document is delivered to computer via HTTP 4. Document is delivered to host via TCP/IP 2. Browser transmits to host server 3. HTTP locates document Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Macrovector/Shutterstock.com Figure 1-14. The operation of the web is really just a series of simple steps.