26 Introduction to Microsoft Offi ce Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter Summary Section 1.1 Introduction to Computers • The digital revolution is the ever- expanding progression of technical, economic, and cultural changes brought about by computers. It has gone through four phases: giant computers, personal computers, networked computers, and cloud computing. • Computer technology has made it possible for those with access to digital communication devices to stay in touch with others 24 hours a day. Advances in this technology have increased the speed of communication and the breadth of geographic reach, but there are advantages and disadvantages to the technology. • Historically, computers were grouped in one of three categories based on size: mainframes, minicomputers, or microcomputers. Computers today are usually categorized based on usage and cost as well as size: supercomputers, mainframes, servers, and personal computers and mobile devices. • All computers contain the same basic types of components: input device, memory, processor, and output device. If a device does not have all four components, it is not a computer. Section 1.2 Internet and Malware • Information on the Internet and World Wide Web is transmitted in packets. The Internet protocol address uniquely identifi es each computer on a network and is used to correctly route packets. • A search engine examines massive databases trying to identify the best matches to the search phrases. Boolean operators can be used to fi ne-tune searches. • Malware is software that intentionally performs actions to disrupt the operation of a computer system, collect private information, or otherwise harm the computer or user. Other computer threats come from phishing, data vandalism, cookies, and computer hacking. Chapter 1 Test Multiple Choice Select the best response. 1. Which event is not a major phase of the digital revolution? A. Giant computers. B. The Industrial Revolution. C. Cloud computing. D. Personal computers. 2. The Internet began as: A. the World Wide Web B. NSFNET C. ARPANET D. WWW 3. Which of the following is not one of the basic capabilities of a computer? A. produce output B. store data C. process data D. operate peripherals 4. What is the client software program that retrieves web documents and displays them to the user? A. preprocessor B. server C. host D. browser 5. Which of the following is not a major computer threat? A. hackers B. scareware C. malware D. ARPANET Review and Assessment 1