245 ▲ romakoma/Shutterstock.com Chapter Outcomes After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • Identify types of plant materials commonly used in landscape designs. • Describe the functions of trees, shrubs, and other plants in the landscape. • List examples of ground covers, trees, shrubs, herbaceous perennials, vines, ornamental grasses, and edibles. • Understand how to incorporate edibles into the landscape. • Explain how plants are used to create borders and privacy screens. • Identify constructed plant forms, such as topiaries and espalier. Key Terms aquatic plant bedding plant climbing stem root clingers clinging stem root dormant dwarf shrub edible landscaping emergent plant espalier fl oating leaf plant grass-like plant heat island herbaceous perennial large shrub large tree medium shrub ornamental grass scrambler shrub small tree specimen submersed aquatic plant tendril topiary tree twiner windbreak woody plant Introduction Most landscape designs include a large variety of plant materials. Many of the plants are chosen for their functionality as well as their aesthetic value. These plants often serve multiple purposes, such as providing shade or privacy while adding color and interest to the landscape, Figure 10-1. The variety of materials available make it possible for designers to choose plants that will enhance the design, please the client, and thrive in the landscape. In this chap- ter, you will learn about the many types of ornamental plants and the ways they can be used in landscape designs.