Chapter 15 Hardscapes 403 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Fences A fence may also serve as a wall in a design. The type of fence material used will vary by its intended use and the client’s desire. Fences may be made from stone, metal, wood, vinyl, or a wood composite. The materials vary mainly by appearance, capability, and cost. Fencing styles include privacy, semi-privacy, picket, lattice, and rail-type. Outdoor Kitchens An outdoor kitchen provides an extended cooking and dining area to the homeowner, Figure 15-7. This type of environment allows the host to interact more with the guests while preparing the meal. The outdoor kitchen may include a prep- aration area, refrigeration, cooking appliances, and a serving area. Many outdoor kitchens also include a sink with running water. An area with all these features will require professional installation of electrical wiring and plumbing for gas and water service. The appliances must be waterproof or protected from the elements to prevent damage and extend their service lives. Temporary or permanent overhead protection may also be incorporated into the design to protect the area from rain and sunshine. alexander zveiger/Shutterstock.com Figure 15-7. Outdoor kitchens are enjoyed in many areas across the country. They may be used for everyday dining or for preparing food for larger gatherings. Artazum/Shutterstock.com Jen Petrie/Shutterstock.com Figure 15-6. In many landscapes, retaining walls are necessary to keep soil and other landscape elements in place. A retaining wall can be simple and hidden with plant materials or it can be a pronounced element in the landscape. Andrey B. Kostin/Shutterstock.com