Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 427 Site-Leveling Activities Use different leveling devices to obtain accurate readings. Determine slope of a ramp using the different devices (string level, 4′ level, rotary transit, and digital transit). 1. String level. Take the nylon string (already attached to the pallet) and stretch it to the end of the ramp (X). Attach the string level to determine the rise and run and then convert that to % slope. 2. 4′ level. Use the level to determine slope anywhere along the ramp. Identify the slope from your measurement [slope = vertical (height)/ horizontal (distance × 100)]. 3. Rotary transit. Collaborate with another student and level the instrument over a benchmark (Y). Shoot sites from the benchmark to bottom of the ramp (Y). Determine the rise and run and then convert that to % slope. 4. Digital transit. Use this device to determine the slope in similar fashion as with the rotary transit. Suggested Activities 1. Contact your local permitting offi ce to check the local codes for installing hardscapes. Design a simple hardscape adhering to local codes and develop a site preparation plan. 2. Working in a group of 4 to 5, photograph various locations that use hardscapes. If necessary, use images from the internet. Each member of the group should present 2 to 3 of the sites to the group and identify his or her likes and dislikes. Determine if the hardscape incorporates the elements and principles of design. Each member should explain why he or she prefers one design over another. 3. Choose an area of your yard or another potential space and create a simple patio or pathway design. Using the proposed hardscape design and space, determine the square footage of the area. If possible, choose a material from a local home improvement store and calculate the amount needed as well as its cost. Recreate your initial sketch using graphic design or drafting software. 4. Choose several types of pavers for the design created in the preceding activity. Calculate the cost of each material needed based on your measurements. 51. Calculate the square footage of the circular area. The circular area has a radius of 8′. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is π × r2 (π is 3.14). 52. Calculate the amount of compacted aggregate and concrete (both in cubic yards) needed for the circular area. Use the square footage calculated in problem fi ve. The area will require 6″ of compacted aggregate and 4″ of concrete. 53. Calculate the amount of compacted aggregate, fi ne aggregate, and concrete needed for all hardscape areas combined.