Promotes Successful Learning
2 3
Foundations of
Human Development
Part
1 1
1
An Introduction
to Lifespan
Development
2
Chapter
How and Why
People Develop
and Learn
3
Chapter
Family Trends
Today
4
Chapter
Pregnancy and
Birth
Chapter
Ethics
Ethics refers to a set of moral principles
that guide your behavior and help you
determine right from wrong. Honesty,
loyalty, and fairness are important ethical
practices. When you are honest, you do not
tell lies. When you are loyal, you stand by
your family and friends during hard times.
When you are fair, you treat others equally
and with respect. By following high ethical
standards, you will be able to feel good
about yourself. Also, you will earn the trust
and respect of everyone you interact with
now and in the future. What could happen
if someone in a helping or teaching role did
not follow these practices with the people
they meet on the job?
Focus
Sunny studio—Igor Yaruta/Shutterstock.com
21
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to
• explain the role of theories in understanding human
development.
• describe how early experiences are important and heavily
couched in emotion as described by psychoanalytical theories.
• identify how psychosocial theory addresses the stages of socio-
emotional development seen in humans from birth to old age.
• describe how learning theories include behaviorism, operant
conditioning, social cognitive theory, cognitive theory, and
social learning.
• summarize historical infl uences on modern theories of human
development.
• assess how environment can infl uence some personality traits, while others are infl uenced
by heredity.
• compare and contrast research methods commonly used to study human development.
How and Why People
Develop and Learn
Chapter
2
Reading
Prep
Review the table
of contents at the
beginning of this text.
Trace the development
of the content that is
being presented from
simple to complex
ideas.
Key Terms
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
social cognitive theory
genes
genetics
ethological theory
ecological theory
scientifi c method
hypothesis
descriptive studies
manipulative experiments
longitudinal studies
cross-sectional studies
naturalistic experiments
developmental theories
psychoanalytic theories
psychosocial development stages
cognitive theories
moral decisions
observable behaviors
behaviorism
Focus on
Offers insight on
ethical issues you will
encounter throughout
the lifespan.
Objectives
Objectives summarize
the learning goals for
each chapter.
Key Terms
Presents the new
terms you will learn
in the chapter to
expand your
vocabulary.
Reading Prep
Activities address
literacy skills for
college and career
readiness.