Unit 2 Vizualizing Shapes 17 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. surface C looks rectangular. Any surface on the object that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to a projected view is foreshortened in the view. Foreshortening is reducing the apparent size of a surface or line in a view caused by the elimination of depth. The process of projection foreshortens the angular surface as viewed from the top. The projected width and length of the object are true size and shape. A similar procedure is used in Figure 2-11 to obtain the right side view. This view shows surfaces D and E in true size and shape as projected from the pictorial drawing. Since angular surface C is not parallel to the projection plane, it is foreshortened. The height and width of the right side surface do not change as they are projected. Visualizing Basic Shapes Multiview drawings can be complex. You must understand the procedures for obtaining top, front, and right side views before attempting to read complicated drawings. Pay particular attention to the various forms or surfaces created by projections and their respective views. Even simple objects may have identical top and right side views, but have different front views, Figure 2-12. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher In projecting a top view, the angular surface C is foreshortened. Figure 2-10 Foreshortened surface C True size and shape of surface B Goodheart-Willcox Publisher The projected right side view also shows the foreshortened angular surface C. Figure 2-11 Foreshortened surface C Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Interchangeable surfaces on simple objects use the same top and right side views. Only the front views reveal the difference. Figure 2-12