Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be reproduced or posted to a publicly accessible website. 236 Section 5 Volume, Weight, and Bending Metal C = π × D π = 3.14 D + thickness = 12″ + 1/2″ = 12 1/2″ C = 3.14 × 12.5″ = 39.25″ = = 19.625″ 19.625″ + 42″ + 31″ = 92.625″ = 92 5/8″ Flat-out length is 92 5/8″. Quarter Cylinder Quarter cylinder bends are calculated basically in the same way as full cylinder bends. The only difference is that one-quarter of a circumference is calculated rather than a full circumference. Outside Dimensions To determine fl at-out length of a quarter cylinder when you are given the outside dimen- sions, calculate the circumference using the outside diameter minus the metal thickness. Then divide the result by four. If the bent piece has legs that extend beyond the quarter cyl- inder, add the outside lengths to the one-quarter circumference to fi nd the fl at-out length. C = π × D π = 3.14 D – thickness = 20″ – 0.125″ = 19.875″ Quarter circumference = 3.14 × = 15.6″ (rounded) 15.6″ + 12″ + 29″ = 56.6″ Flat-out length is 56.6″. C 2 39.25″ 2 19.875″ 4 12″ 42″ 31″ Thickness ½″ 29″ 0.125″ 12″ 10″ radius Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Goodheart-Willcox Publisher