xvi Medical Law & Professional Ethics Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 9 The Patient-Professional Relationship 152 Informed Consent 154 Exceptions to the Requirement of Informed Consent 156 Assessing a Patient’s Decision-Making Capacity 156 Surrogate Decision Makers 157 The Extension Doctrine 158 Confi dentiality 158 Exceptions to the Confi dentiality Rule 159 Confi dentiality for Minors 161 Patient Advocates 161 Refusal of Medical Treatment 162 Abandonment 163 Chapter Review and Assessment 164 Unit 3 Healthcare, Law, and Ethics across the Lifespan Chapter 10 Minors: Health Law and Ethics 168 Healthcare and Minors 171 The Rights and Responsibilities of Parents and Legal Guardians 171 The Rights of Minors 172 Consent and Confi dentiality 173 Reproductive Health 174 Contraception 174 Sexually Transmitted Infections 175 Pregnancy 176 Abortion 176 Mental Health 176 Cosmetic Surgery 177 Body Art 177 Child Labor Laws 178 Child Abuse 178 Chapter Review and Assessment 180