Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc 38 Unit 1 Foundations of Medical Law and 38 Chapter 2 Review and AssessmentEthics Chapter Summary • Medical law and ethics are important to society because everyone receives healthcare and depends on providers to act properly. • Although basic concepts of medical ethics developed over centuries, formal codes of ethics have evolved during the past few hundred years. • Codes of ethics are constantly evolving in response to politics and scientific developments. • The basic concepts of ethics, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice provide a framework for dealing with most ethical issues. • Many professional codes of ethics have been included in state laws as a means to enforce licensing or certification. • Sets of patient rights developed by institutions help patients and providers work together to enable quality care, minimize misunderstandings, and reduce litigation. • Ethical decision frameworks, such as the Josephson Institute’s decision model, are available to help people make ethical decisions. • Bioethical issues have required political solutions at the state level medical ethics committees also assist practitioners with ethical dilemmas. Vocabulary Matching 1. study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances 2. groups of experts convened to review proposed research activities at an institution with the focus of protecting the rights of human subjects 3. calling that requires specialized training and membership in a group that establishes codes of conduct or codes of ethics, requires continuing education, and collects membership fees 4. an individual’s right to self-determination that is free from undue interference from others 5. group of healthcare-related experts that provides advice and assistance in resolving complex ethical problems involving patient care and treatment 6. oath attributed to the ancient Greeks that requires a new physician to swear that he will uphold professional ethical standards 7. act of goodness, kindness, or charity, including actions intended to benefit others based on a moral obligation to do so 8. outlines the authority of IRBs and helps protect fetuses, neonates, pregnant women, prisoners, and children involved in research studies 9. principle that requires giving others what is due to them, including the fair distribution of benefits, risks, and costs 10. principle that requires a practitioner to do no harm to a patient by not performing up to professional standards A. autonomy B. beneficence C. bioethics D. Common Rule E. Hippocratic Oath F. Institutional Review Boards G. justice H. medical ethics committee I. non-malfeasance J. profession