PREFACE Metallurgy Fundamentals provides instruction and information on the basic principles of metallurgy. A knowledge of these principles is invaluable to any person who plans to deal with metals as a future career. Metallurgy Fundamentals emphasizes the practical aspects of metallurgy. It explores the behavior of metals subjected to metallurgical processes. It explains why certain material properties are desired and how these properties are attained. Metallurgy Fundamentals describes common industrial processes, so that you can confidently discuss the processing of metals with others in the field. These processes are explained in clear, simple terms for easier understanding. Metallurgy Fundamentals speaks to the reader in down-to-earth language, rather than highly theoretical terms. In many cases, diagrams are used instead of lengthy word descriptions and practical examples are given instead of abstract theories. The section on nonferrous metallurgy has been expanded for this edition of Metallurgy Fundamentals. The processes used to create nonferrous metals and their alloys are discussed. The expanded coverage includes a chapter devoted to titanium, content concerning low- and high-density nonferrous metals, a chapter discussing superalloys and refractory metals, and a chapter devoted to noble and rare earth metals. Metallurgy Fundamentals is written for those who want to learn the “basics,” for those who want to explore the behavior of metals, and for those who want a broad knowledge of the entire field of metallurgy. Daniel A. Brandt was Director Emeritus of the Rapid Prototyping Center and Professor Emeritus of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. J.C. Warner is Principal Scientist for Warner Consulting, Inc., where he works with manufacturing companies to improve product quality and production. He received a PhD in Metallurgy from Iowa State University and taught metallurgy and applied statistics at the Milwaukee School of Engineering for 11 years. He helped introduce Six Sigma methodology at GE Medical Systems (now GE Healthcare), teaching the experimental design segment. He has consulted with corporations across the United States and internationally, using experimental design methods to improve production processes and product performance. He has been a member of ASM International for his entire professional life. ABOUT THE AUTHORS iii