iv Modern Automotive Technology
Conventional review questions, as well as a sepa-
rate section of ASE-type questions, are presented at
the end of each chapter. After completing a chap-
ter, answer all the questions on a separate sheet of
paper. This is a great way to review the material
presented in the chapter. It will also help prepare
you for the types of questions encountered on the
ASE certifi cation tests.
Each chapter closes with a number of activities.
These activities are automotive-related exercises
that emphasize math and communication skills, as
well as improve performance on the job.
Type Styles Used in This Text
Various type styles are used throughout this text-
book to emphasize words, identify important tech-
nical terms, and highlight fi gure references.
Italic type is used to emphasize words and terms.
For example, the word not is often printed in italic
type when it is imperative that an operation be
avoided.
Important technical terms appear in bold-italic
type. These terms are defi ned when introduced and
are listed in the Technical Terms list at the end of the
chapter, as well as in the Glossary at the back of the
text. Study the bold-italic terms carefully.
Figure references in the body of the text and in
the captions always appear in bold type. This makes
them easy to identify.
Special Notices
There are a variety of special notices used through-
out this textbook. These notices are identifi ed by
color and by an icon. The special notices used in this
text include the following:
CAUTION
A Caution identifi es a situation that
may cause damage to a vehicle,
equipment, or tools if the proper
procedures are not followed.
WARNING
A Warning identifi es repair operations
that can result in personal injury if
proper procedures or safety measures
are not followed.
Tech Tip
Tech Tips provide supplemental technical
information and service hints related to the
procedure or system being explained.
Service Procedures
Service procedures present common service and
repair operations in an easy-to-follow, step-by-step
format. For example:
Service Procedure
To perform an injector balance test:
1. Connect a pressure gauge to the test
fi tting on the fuel rail.
2. Close off the valve for measuring fuel
volume if provided on the fuel gauge
assembly.
3. Connect the balance tester wiring to
the injectors or injector in question.
4. Turn the ignition key on to pressur-
ize the system. Then, turn the ignition
key off.
5. Press the injector balance tester button
while watching the pressure gauge
drop.
6. Record the pressure drop reading.
7. Repeat this on the other fuel injectors.
Troubleshooting Charts
Troubleshooting charts are included at the end of
most service chapters. These charts will help you
diagnose and repair common problems.
Diagnostic Case Studies
Diagnostic case studies are designed to help rein-
force logical troubleshooting techniques. Each Diag-
nostic Case Study presents a common automotive
problem, details the procedure for pinpointing the
source of the trouble, and provides an overview of
the necessary repairs. For example: