iv Modern Automotive Technology The author and publisher would like to thank the following companies, organizations, and individuals for their contribution of resource material, images, or other support in the development of Modern Automotive Technology. 3M WorldWide AC-Delco Acura Airesearch Industrial Div. Airtex Automotive Div. Alfa Romeo, Inc. American Exhaust Industries American Hammered Piston Rings American Petroleum Institute Ammco Tools, Inc. AP Parts Co. Applied Power, Inc. Armstrong Bros. Tool Co. Aston Martin Lagonda, Inc. ATX Research Audi Automotive Control System Group B.F. Goodrich Co. Beam Products Mfg. Co. Bear Automotive Belden Corp. Bendix Binks Mfg. Co. Black & Decker, Inc. Blackhawk Mfg. Co. BMW Bonney Tools Borg-Warner Corp. Bosch Bridgestone Corp. British Leyland Motors, Inc. Buick C.A. Laboratories, Inc. Cadillac Caterpillar Tractor Co. Central Tool Co. Champion Spark Plug Co. Chevrolet Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co. Chrysler LLC Citroen Clayton Manufacturing Co. Cleveland Motive Products Clevite Corp. CRC Industries, Inc. Cummins Engine Co., Inc. Cy-lent Timing Gears Corp. D.A.B. Industries, Inc. Daimler Corp. Dake Dana Corp. Dayco Corp. Debcor, Inc. Deere & Co. Detroit Art Services, Inc. Detroit Diesel, Allison Div. DeVilbiss Co. Duro-Chrome Hand Tools E & L Instruments Eagle Equipment Eastwood Co. Echlin Mfg. Co. Ethyl Corp. Exxon Co. USA Fairgate Fuel Co., Inc. Federal Mogul Fel-Pro, Inc. Fiat Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Florida Dept. of Vocational Education Fluke Corp. FMC Corp. Ford Motor Co. Ford Parts and Service Div. Fram Corp. Gates Rubber Co. General Motors Corp. General Tire & Rubber Co. GMC Truck & Coach Div. Goodall Manufacturing Co. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. Gould, Inc. G-P Parts Gulf Oil Corp. Gunk Chemical Div. H.B. Egan Manufacturing Co. Hartridge Equipment Corp. Hastings Mfg. Co. Heli-Coil Products Helm, Inc. Hennessy Industries Hi-Temp Products Co. Honda Motor Co. Hunter Engineering Co. Industries, Inc. Infiniti Ingersoll-Rand Co. International Automotive Technicians Network (iATN) International Harvester Co. Isuzu Jaguar Kansas Jack, Inc. K-D Tool Manufacturing Co. Kent-Moore Kiene Diesel Accessories, Inc. K-Line Tools Kwik-Way Products L.S. Starrett Co. Lab Safety Lexus Lincoln Automotive Lincoln St. Louis, Div. of McNeil Corp. Lisle Corp. Lister Diesels, Inc. Lufkin Instrument Div.—Cooper LuK GmbH & Co. Lyons, Marquette Corp. Mac Tools, Inc. Magnaflux Corp. Maremont Corp. Marquette Maserati Automobiles, Inc. Mazda McCord Replacement Products Div. Mercedes-Benz Miller Engineering MINI Minnesota Curriculum Services Center Mitchell Manuals Mitsubishi Mobil Oil Corp. Moog Automotive, Inc. Motor Vehicle Manufacturer’s Assn. Motorola MSD Ignition NAPA National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) Neway Manufacturing, Inc. Nilfisk Nissan OTC Div. of SPX Corp. Owatonna Tool Co. Parker Hannifin Corp. Perfect Circle Peugeot, Inc. Porsche Precision Brand Products Proto Tool Co. Purolator Filter Div. Quaker State Corp. Renault Riverdale Auto Repair Robert Bosch Rolls-Royce, Inc. Roto-Master Saab SATCO: Schwitzer Cooling Systems Schumacher Electric Corp. Sealed Power Corp. Sears, Roebuck and Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Sern Products, Inc. Shell Oil Co. Siemens Corp. Simpson Electric Co. Sioux Tools, Inc. Snap-on Tool Corp. Sonco Speed Clip Sales Co. Stanadyne, Inc. Starrett Stewart-Warner Subaru Sun Electric Corp. Sunnen Product Co. Test Products Div.—The Allen Group, Inc. Texaco, Inc. thenewsmarket.com Thermadyne TIF Instruments Tomco (TI), Inc. Torsen Toyota TRW, Inc. Union Electronics Uniroyal, Inc. Vaco Products Co. Valvoline Oil Co. Van Senus Auto Volkswagen Volvo Waukesha Engine Div., Dresser Industries, Inc. Weatherhead Co. White Diesel Div. ZF Transmissions A special thanks goes to my wife (Jeanette) and children (Danielle, Jimmy, and DJ). “Portions of the materials contained herein have been reprinted with permission of General Motors Corporation, Service Technology Group.” Acknowledgments Acknowledgments