xxx Valve Spring Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Inspecting Valve Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Shimming Valve Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Cylinder Head Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 Installing Valve Seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 Installing Valve Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 Checking for Valve Leakage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 In-Vehicle Valve Seal Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 Camshaft Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 Measuring Camshaft Lobe Wear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 Camshaft Grinding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 Installing an Overhead Valve Camshaft. . . . . . . . . . 879 Camshaft End Play. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 OHC Bearing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 Rocker Assembly Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Push Rod Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Lifter and Follower Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Inspecting Lifters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Testing Lifter Leak-Down Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Rebuilding Hydraulic Lifters and Followers. . . . . . . 882 Bleeding Cam Followers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 Chapter 59 Engine Front End Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 Timing Chain Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 Timing Chain Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 Inspecting a Timing Chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 Installing a Timing Chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888 Installing a Chain Tensioner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 Installing an Oil Slinger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 Engine Front Cover Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 Front Oil Seal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 Installing a Front Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 Vibration Damper Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 Timing Gear Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 Measuring Timing Gear Backlash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 Replacing Timing Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 Measuring Timing Gear Runout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 Timing Belt Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 Inspecting the Timing Belt Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . 893 Installing the Timing Belt Sprockets and Belt. .....894 Installing the Timing Belt Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 Camshaft Phaser Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 Chapter 60 Engine Reassembly, Installation, and Break-In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 General Engine Assembly Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 Engine Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 Installing the Oil Pump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 Installing the Oil Pan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 Installing Accessory Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 Cylinder Head Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 Installing the Head Gasket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 Installing the Cylinder Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 Installing and Torquing Head Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 OHV Lifter Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Intake Manifold Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Inspecting the Intake Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Installing the Intake Manifold Gasket. . . . . . . . . . . 907 Torquing the Intake Manifold Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 Exhaust Manifold Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 Camshaft Housing Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 Overhead Camshaft Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 Installing a Camshaft with One-Piece Bearings. . . . 910 Installing a Camshaft with Two-Piece Bearings. . . . 910 Assembling the Valve Train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Installing Push Rods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Installing Rocker Arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Adjusting Valve Train Clearance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Valve Cover Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 Camshaft Cover Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 Final Engine Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing External Engine Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing the Engine Flywheel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing a Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing a Torque Converter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing the Transmission or Transaxle . . . . . . . . . 916 Installing the Engine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 Engine Installation Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 Installing an Engine without the Transmission or Transaxle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 Installing an Engine with the Transmission or Transaxle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 Installing an Engine from under the Vehicle . . . . . . 921 Engine Start-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 Engine Break-In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 Customer Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 Section 11 Drive Train and Axle Technology Chapter 61 Clutch Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 Clutch Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 Basic Clutch Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928