Summary • Quality cabinetmaking relies on square edges and joints, in which all corners join at 90° angles. • Marking tools include pencils, knives, or scratch awls. These marks are visible reference lines for sawing or other work. • Measuring tools are based on either the US cus- tomary system of measurement or the International System (SI) of measurement. • The title block on the working drawing indi- cates what measurement system is used for the product. • Measuring tools include rules, slide calipers, squares, scales, and table. Many of these are also used as layout tools. • Common rules include centering, rigid folding, and flexible (also known as a tape measure). • Layout tools transfer distances, angles, and con- tours. Those without measurements on them must be preset with a measuring tool. • Layout tools include T-bevels, angle dividers, calipers, compasses, dividers, trammel points, and profile gauges. • Accurate layout is critical. Select the tool that is best suited to the work. • Mar k distances with a pencil mark in the shape of an arrow or a V. This indicates a precise point. • Create lines using a rule or square. • Create circles and arc using compasses, divid- ers, and trammel points. • Tools commonly used to create polygons include the framing square and protractor, and in some cases, a compass. • Create irregular shapes using patterns and tem- plates. • A layout rod is a record of often-used distances. A story pole is used to mark the exact locations of items in a room. • Digital measuring devices can be used to quickly and accurately record dimensions. • Carefully handle and store measuring and lay- out tools. They have few moving parts but are still susceptible to wear and tear. Points may need to be sharpened occasionally. Test Your Knowledge Answer the following questions using the information provided in this chapter. 1. _____ means that all corners join at a 90° angle. 2. Name three types of marking tools. 3. The US customary system measures in _____. A. millimeters B. liters C. feet and inches D. None of the above. 4. What rule would you select when laying out a tall curio cabinet? 5. Slide calipers are used to measure _____. A. outside distance B. inside distance C. depth D. All of the above. 6. True or False? A square can be used to measure distances and angles. 7. Brace lengths can be found on the framing square’s _____. 8. Parts of a(n) _____ square include a blade, cen- ter head, and protractor head. 9. Set the angle of a sliding T-bevel with a(n) _____. 10. A(n) _____ has two blades and is used to bisect angles. 11. Describe three types of calipers and their uses. 12. Name four tasks that can be done using a com- pass or divider. 13. The most accurate way to mark a workpiece is to draw a(n) _____. A. arrow B. dot C. line D. None of the above. 14. What is a shop measurement standard? 15. Name three tools you can use to lay out circles. 16. Name two tools commonly used to lay out polygons. 17. When copying an irregular shape, use a(n) _____. 18. What should be used to remove rust on a measuring tool? 166 Section 2 Design and Layout Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.