Section 2 Foundations and Framing Chapter 9 Footings and Foundations . . . . . . . . 180 9.1 Preparing the Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 9.2 Laying Out Building Lines . . . . . . . . . 182 9.3 Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 9.4 Foundation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 9.5 Erecting Wall Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 9.6 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 9.7 Ordering Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 9.8 Placing Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 9.9 Concrete Block Foundations . . . . . . . 205 9.10 Insulating Block Walls . . . . . . . . . . . 210 9.11 Backfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 9.12 ICF Foundation and Wall Systems . 213 9.13 Wood Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 9.14 Slab-on-Grade Construction . . . . . . 218 9.15 Basement Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 9.16 Entrance Platforms and Stairs . . . . . 222 9.17 Sidewalks, Steps, and Drives . . . . . 223 9.18 Cold Weather Construction . . . . . . . 224 9.19 Insect Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 9.20 Estimating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Chapter 10 Floor Framing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 10.1 Types of Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 10.2 Girders and Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 10.3 Sill Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 10.4 Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 10.5 Special Framing Problems . . . . . . . 254 10.6 Open-Web Floor Trusses . . . . . . . . 257 10.7 Subfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 10.8 Estimating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Chapter 11 Wall and Ceiling Framing . . . . . . . . . 263 11.1 Parts of the Wall Frame . . . . . . . . . . 263 11.2 Plate Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 11.3 Wall Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 11.4 Wall Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 11.5 Erecting Wall Sections . . . . . . . . . . 273 11.6 Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 11.7 Tri-Level and Split-Level Framing . . 280 11.8 Special Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 11.9 Multistory Floor Framing . . . . . . . . . 282 11.10 Ceiling Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 11.11 Strongbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 11.12 Advanced Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 11.13 Structural Insulated Panels . . . . . . 289 11.14 Housewrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 11.15 Estimating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. xv