Copyright © 2016 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Previous editions copyright 2010, 2003, 1997, 1991, 1985, 1980, 1977 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2014037224 ISBN 978-1-63126-095-7 4 5 6 7 8 9 – 16 – 20 19 18 The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Brand Disclaimer: Brand names, company names, and illustrations for products and ser- vices included in this text are provided for educational purposes only and do not represent or imply endorsement or recommenda- tion by the author or the publisher. The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Safety Notice: The reader is expressly advised to carefully read, understand, and apply all safety precautions and warnings described in this book or that might also be indicated in undertaking the activities and exercises described herein to minimize risk of personal injury or injury to others. Common sense and good judgment should also be exercised and applied to help avoid all potential hazards. The reader should always refer to the appropriate manufacturer’s technical infor- mation, directions, and recommendations then proceed with care to follow specifi c equipment operating instructions. The reader should understand these notices and cautions are not exhaustive. The publisher makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to equipment, procedures, and applications described or referred to herein, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fi tness for a particular pur- pose. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any changes, errors, or omissions in this book. The publisher specifi cally disclaims any liability whatsoever, including any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the reader’s use or reliance upon the information, instructions, procedures, warnings, cautions, applications, or other matter contained in this book. The publisher assumes no responsibility for the activities of the reader. The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Internet Disclaimer: The Internet resources and listings in this Goodheart-Willcox Publisher product are provided solely as a convenience to you. These resources and listings were reviewed at the time of publication to pro- vide you with accurate, safe, and appropriate information. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher has no control over the referenced websites and, due to the dynamic nature of the Internet, is not responsible or liable for the content, products, or performance of links to other websites or resources. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher makes no representation, either expressed or implied, regarding the content of these websites, and such references do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation of the information or content presented. It is your responsibility to take all protective measures to guard against inappropriate content, viruses, or other destructive elements. Cover image: pyzata/Shutterstock.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kicklighter, Clois E., author. Modern masonry : brick, block, stone.—8th edition / Clois E. Kicklighter, Timothy L. Andera, Professor, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-63126-095-7 1. Masonry. I. Andera, Timothy L., author. II. Title. TH1199.K53 2016 693’.1--dc23 2014037224