Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 402 Section 5 Concrete Panel connections to the footings, floors, roof, and between panels must be determined before construction. See Figure 18-46. Lifting loads are a major consideration because they generally have the most influence on the panels. Reinforcement must be designed to accommodate these loads. A drawing of each panel should be made showing the front and back as well as inserts and embeds. See Figure 18-47. Inserts provide the attach- ment points for lifting hardware and braces. Embeds are prefabricated steel plates with lugs that are cast into the panel to attach it to the footing, other panels, or roof system. Spread footings are used for most tilt-up build- ings, but pier footings can be used. See Figure 18-48. The footing must be straight and smooth if the panels are to fit properly. Footing size depends on the soil bearing capacity, weight to be supported, and other factors specific to the site and building. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 18-46. This metal connection will be used to attach a panel to the footing. Areté 3 Ltd. Figure 18-47. An elevation drawing of each panel type used in the construction of the building shown in Figure 18-44.