468 Modern Metalworking Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 26.8.2 Milling Flat Surfaces Flat surfaces may be milled on vertical milling machines with end mills or a face milling cutter. The method employed is determined by the size and shape of the work. After you have decided on the method, use the following sequence of operations: Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 26-68. A 180° rotation automatic tool changer is removing the end mill from the machine spindle and will place it in the tool magazine. Tool arm Carbide insert end mill Royal Products, Division of Curran Manufacturing Corporation Figure 26-69. Cutting tools can be changed quickly with quick-change tooling. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 26-67. Methods employed to mount end mills in a vertical milling machine with an R-8 or Brown and Sharpe (B&S) taper. A—An adapter sleeve used with taper shank cutting tools. B—A cutting tool with a B&S taper mounted directly in the spindle. C—A spring collet with a straight shank cutting tool. D—An adapter with a setscrew tightened on a straight shank cutting tool. Draw-in bar Spindle sleeve Adapter (R-8 taper) Taper shank cutter (tanged shank) etscrew Se apter Ada taper) (R-8 D er shank Ta pe cutter c S taper) (B &S C A B Straight shank cutter collet Spring n taper) (R-8