viii Features of the Textbook Features are student-focused learning tools designed to help you get the most out of your studies. This visual guide highlights the features designed for the textbook. 118 Layout Work CHAPTER 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this you will be able to: After s tudying this cchapter, hapter, you wi ll be able to: • Explain the purpose of a layout and how it is used to prepare metal for machining. • Identify common layout tools and use them safely. • Identify Identi angular y g measurement lar mea uremen tools t too and and use them use the se the th use the use the safely. safe m safel m m safel y. y. y • Perform the necessary calculations a to set up a sine bar and sine plate. • Make simple layouts using layout y tools. • List and observe common safety e precautions precau used in layout work. y o CHAPTER OUTLINE 7.1 Preparing 7.1 Pre paring Metal for Metal f M Layout or Layo ut 7.2 Layout 7.2 Lay 7.2 Lay Tools out To out Too ls 7.2.1 Scriber 7.2.1 S 7.2.1 S criber criber 7.2.2 Divider 7.2.2 D 2.2 D ivider ivider 7.2.3 7.2.3 Trammel 7.2.3 7.2.3 T 2.3 ammel mmel rammel a 7.2.4 Hermaphrodite 7.2.4 H 7.2.4 H ermaphr ermaphr ermaphr map er Caliper odite C odite C odite C odite C C t aliper aliper alipe alipe a 7.2.5 Surface 7.2.5 S 5 S 7.2.5 S 5 S urface urfa urface Gage Gage Gage age age 7.2.6 Squares 7.2.6 S 7.2.6 S quares quares es quares 7.2.7 Combination 7.2.7 C 7.2.7 C 2.7 ombinat ombinat o Set ion Set ion Set 7.3 Measuring 7.3 Mea 7.3 Mea ea suring suring Angles Angles Angles Angles 7.3.1 Protractors, 7.3.1 P 7.3.1 P 7.3.1 P P 3 1 P .1 P rotract rotract otract rotra Bevels, ors, Be ors, Be ors, Be r and vels, a vels, a vels, a Gages nd Gage nd Gage nd nd Gage s s s 73 2 Sine 73 2 S 7.3.2 S 7 7.3.2 S Bars ine Bar ine Bar ine Bar and Si s and S s and s an and P ine Pla i tess 7.4 Other 7.4 Oth Layoout er Layo o Tools ut Tool and Equipment s and E quipmen t 74 1 Precisiion 7.4.1 P 7.4.1 P 4 1 4 1 recisi r io Layout n Layou La To t Tools s 7.4.2 Surfacce 4.2 S S urfac urfa e e Plate Plate 7.4.3 Right 7.4.3 R ight h ght Ann An l gle Plate gle Pla gle Pla te 7.4.4 Boxx B 7.4.4 B 7 B Parallels ox Pa ox P Pa ara ar llels 7.4.5 V 7.4.5 V Bloccks -Bloc Blo -Bloc cks 74.6 7.4.6 Straigh aigh gh ht ht edge dge 7.5 Making 7.5 5 Mak 7 a Layout ing a L L ayout y ayou 7.6 S 7.6 Sa 7.6 Saf ety Prec caution f s for Layout Work ork INTRODUCTION TO METALWORKING 119 TECHNICAL TERMS angle blocks base line beveled blade box parallel center punch combination set divider double square drill grinding blade hardened steel square hermaphrodite caliper layout layout dye plain protractor prick punch protractor depth gage reference line right angle plate scriber sine bar sine plate spirit level square straightedge surface gage surface plate trammel universal bevel V-block vernier protractor Job ob postings can be found through a variety of differ- ent media. Want ads in a newspaper contain useful in nfo ormation on jobs in your area. You can also find job jo leads through networking and talking to friends and d family. The Internet may be one of the best sources ou to search for job openings. There are job- search ea engines and government agencies that can ass sist you in finding and applying for jobs. Once you find a job opening, you will gener- ally y be asked to fill out a job application. This can an be done in person or online. You should also havve a résumé and a portfolio prepared, as many empployers will ask to see these along with the appplication. Employers often use these forms to sccreeen applicants for the skills needed on the job. Thee appearance of the application form can give an employer the first impression about you. Fill out the form accurately, completely, and neatly. How well you accomplish this can determine whether you get the job. Many employers now request electronic appli- cations, either through the employer’s website or an independent job-search website. When filling out an online application, it is extremely important to include key terms for which the employer may search. This will help you stand out from the many other applicants. When preparing your application, be sure to save it in the appropriate file format. If a preferred format is not given, it is best to save the application in Microsoft Word file format (.doc or .docx) or save it as a PDF file. This will enable the employer to find specific search terms in your document. Be sure to complete all the fields of the application. Many job-search sites have sample forms on which you can practice before attempting to complete a real application. EMPLOYABILITY Applying for a Job 374 Metal Lathe CHAPTER 23 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • Describe how lathe size is determined. • Identify the various parts of a lathe. • Explain how to prepare a lathe for operation. t • Describe the various types of toolholders r available for use on a lathe. • Sharpen harp harp high- high- high- d steel speed speed (HSS) t eel (H eel (H ee latthe SS) lat SS) lat S) lat cuttti he c he cu u u utt ut utt tt t ing too g t g g g ls. ls s • • • Identify denti Identi Identi from fy from fy fr fy fr m m fy fro fy fro y a a refere refe refe efe rence, rence r or calculate, or calc alc alc ulate ulate ulate, ulat ulat ulat th th he correctt or or he co or o rect ect re ect re e cutt cuttin utting cu cu g speed p peed ed d pe eed p and and feed nd fee nd fee a d fee e fee for d for a or a or a d for a or a d for a d for l lathe e e e lathe e lath he athe e op p p p p perat p p ion ti and on and nd nd nd nd d nd d th th h t he t t th t th t t t th h t t h corrrect rect rrect orrect c c work speed work s k work s eed d in peed in pee peed in revolutionss revo revolu vol per p p p p tions p s p p p p ons p p p p p p tions p p o s p p e e er m e e r m er m e er er m m e er m e minu min minu min te (rpm)m te (rpm ( te (rpm te (rpm (rpm rpm rpm m ) ). ). ). ). ) ). ) ). ) • Safely set up and operate a lathe usin ng various workholding devices. • Perform the procedures for turning work w between centers. • Identify the chucks used on a lathe. • • • Describe scri Desc Des the be the setup ne setup n n eeded for eeded f eeded f parti or part part ing ing ing g operations. g op g g • Practiice rac i lathe l th l th ce lath ce lat ce lath ce safety e safet e saf e sa e s e sa e a af y rules. rules ules ules . . CHAPTER OUTLINE 23.1 Lath .1 L 1 L the Size he a z 23.2 Major 23.2 Ma 23.2 Ma 23.2 Ma 23 2 Pa jor or P jor P jor Par or ts s s off of a a of a Lathe Lath Lathe Lathe L 23.2.1 2.1 2.1 .1 2.1 Lathe Lathe Lathe Bed Lathe Lathe L ed d d 2 23.2 23.2.2 2 3.2.2 Headstock He Headsto Headsto Headsto ds ck ck 23.2.3 23.2.3 23.2.3 23.2.3 3 Tailstoock ails Tailsto sto 23.2.4 23.2. 23.2. 23.2. 2.4 Carriage arria arriag 23.2.5 Feed Mechaniism d Me d Me Me d Me hanis ism 23.3 Prreparing P Pr Pr r eparing paring aring epa the Lathe the La La the La for the the t t he Op Op Operat Opera O ion n 23.4 Laathe a a a Toolh the To Too To o holder holder rs er s s 23.5 Laathe 23.5 La 23.5 La Cutting the Cut the Cut the Cut h Tools ting ols 23.5.1 23.5.1 High-Speed h-S Steel St (HSS) Cu Cutting Tool Shapes T 23.5.2 Brazed-Tip Single-Point e-Poi e-Poi e-Poi P e nt nt nt Cuttingg Tools 23 5 I I d I I d bl t t t C t C tt i Tools T 23.5.3 5.3 3 .3 . Indexa Indexa Indexab ndexab nd le-Inse e-Inse e -I rt C t Cu rt Cutt Cutt C ing Too ing Too To ls ls s 23.6 Cutting 23.6 C 23.6 Cu 6 23.6 3.6 C C Speeds S n and peeds peeds peeds a peed Feeds nd Feed 23.6.1 6.1 Calculating Calcula la Cutting ting Cu ting Cu ting Cu i tting tting Speeds tting 23.6.2 23.6 6.2 Roughinng Roughin in n C g g Cu g Cu g Cuts and Finishing Cuts 2 23.6. 6.3 Depth Depth Depth Depth of Cut 23.7 Wo 3.7 Wo Wo k rk rkholdi ng Attachments 23.8 Turningg 8 Work W ning ng Between rk Bet rk Be k Be rk k Be Centers een C een een een w ee 23 2 23.8.1 23 23 Drillinng Drillin Drilli Drillin Drillin D n Center g Cent g Cente g Cent g Cente g C g Holes Holes Holes Hol Hol oles H Hol 23.8.2 8 8.2 2 2 .8 8.2 Checkinng kin kin kin kin n n Cent g Cente g Cente g Cente g Cente g Cente g Cente g r A r A r Align r A r A r Align r Align r Al me m ment m m m 23.8.3 .3 .3 .3 Mountinng Mountin Mountin Mountin Mountin M g Work g g g between b between etween between etween etween Cen Cen Center Cen s 23.8.4 23.8.4 Rough Turr Rough T R Rough T Rough T R R u ur urning betweenn betwee et etw twee twe C Center C s 23.8.5 Fin F Finish F Fin Turning ning n ning ning 23.8.6 2 Turning rnin rnin nin to a a Shoulder a a S o a hou ould d hould 23.9 Using Us Us Us Lathe ing Lat ing Lat ing Lat Chuckss he Ch he Ch Chu he u ks s s 23.9 3.9 3.9.1 .9.1 9 3-Jaw Universal 3-Jaw U 3-Jaw U U 3-Jaw U ive ive niv Chuck l Chu l Chu l l 23 3 9 2 .9.2 23.9.2 2 3 4-Jaw Independentt -Ja -Ja -Ja de d Ch ent Ch ent Chu ent C Ch nt C C ck 23 2 23 23.9.3 2 Jacobs Chuck 23.9.4 Draw-In Collet Chucks Chu Chucks Chu ucks cks cks cks 23.9.5 Mounting Chuckks k k s s s 23.9.6 Removing a Chuck from ck k ck k a Thread Thre hre hre aded Spindle a a a n 23.9.7 Removing a Chuck from ck ck k a Longg a Long a Lon a Long a Long Taper Ta Ta Key 3 9 e o g C c o c o c o o g o g pe Spindle Nose 23.9.8 Removing a Cam-Lockk Chu Lock C ock ock C h huck f huck fr huck fr hu om om a S a S a Sp indle n 23.9.9 Facing Stock Held in in in a Chuck a Chuck Ch Ch Ch C 23.9.10 Plain Turning and Turning Tu Tu u rning to ni nin nin o a Shooulder a Sho ul ul u 23.10 Parting Operations 23.11 Cleaning the Lathe 23.12 Lathe Safety MACHINING 375 TECHNICAL TERMS 3-jaw universal chuck 4-jaw independent chuck apron back gears ball bearing center bed length brazed-tip, single-point cutting tools carriage carriage handwheel centers chucking collet compound rest cross-slide cutter bit gage cutting speed depth of cut dial indicator draw-in collet chuck eccentric faceplate facing tool feed fi nish turning fi fi nishing cut fi fi nishing tool fi gibs headstock index plate indexable-insert cutting tools Jacobs chuck knockout bar lathe lathe bed lathe board lathe dog lead screw parting peripheral speed power feed lever quick-change gear box roughing round-nose tool saddle screw-cutting mechanism shoulder sleeve spindle swing tailstock tool post turret toolholder ways What W does a high school CTE teacher do? Caa areer and technical education (CTE) teachers pre- pa a are high school students for future careers in techni- ca a al fields. These teachers may specialize in particular fie e elds or introduce students to the range of technical ca a areers available. Some classrooms and labs pre- pa a are students with hands-on experiences that reflect woo orking environments. There are many types of CTE teaa acher s with many different specialties, including cu u ulinar y instructors, technical and trades teachers, an n nd engineering professors. What W education and skills are needed to be a high school ch CTE teacher? CTT TE teachers almost always require field experi- enn nce for their particular subject. Culinary profes- so o ors have been chefs, and welding instructors have bee een welders. In addition to being outstanding pro- fes ssion als, future CTE instructors must also have teaching skills, such as patience, public speaking ability, and the ability to explain in concise terms what they did as a professional to students who will become professionals. Before making a change to teaching, interested professionals typically work in the field for 3 to 5 years. They often have bachelor’s degrees in their field or in education. Teachers that work in public schools require state-specific certification or licensure. What is it like to be a high school CTE teacher? High school CTE teachers teach during standard school hours and do much the same physical labor as other teachers. They may specialize in one sub- ject or in several, and they may also run specialized programs to best teach career readiness. Accord- ing to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, the vast majority of CTE teachers are employed by second- ary schools, and the median annual wage for this profession is $52,800 per year. CAREER CONNECTION High School CTE Teacher e- T n qu t is ch ou ea eve be up te th 800 How w er you mployer ough t arch w ex trem emplo the ma Employability features highlight the professional behaviors and traits that employers want. Learning Objectives clearly identify the knowledge and skills to be obtained when the chapter is completed. Technical Terms list the key terms to be learned in the chapter. Chapter Outline provides a preview of the chapter topics and can also serve as a review tool. Career Connection features highlight a profession related to the metalworking field.