Chapter 32 Plumbing Career
Opportunities 535
Who Employs Plumbers? 535
Advancing in the Plumbing Trades 538
Qualifications 541
Education and Training 541
Licensing and Certification 541
Employment 543
Characteristics of Desirable Employees 543
Five Competencies for Employment 547
Getting the First Plumbing Job 550
Keeping a Job 555
Starting a Small Business 556
Chapter 33 Plumbing History 561
Plumbing and Contemporary Civilization 562
Fixtures, Faucets, and Valves 567
Pipe and Fittings 573
Tools and Equipment 575
Codes, Laws, Standards, and Organizations 576
Useful Information 581
Glossary 607
Index 631
Contents
15