Chapter 14 Piping Materials and Fittings ......193 Plastic Pipe and Fittings ........................194 Copper Pipe and Fittings ...................... 207 Quick-Connect Fittings ..........................210 Cast-Iron Pipe and Fittings.....................211 Galvanized Steel Pipe ...........................214 Malleable Iron Fittings ...........................215 Vitrified Clay Pipe .................................219 Brass Fittings .......................................219 Lead Pipe .......................................... 221 Chapter 15 Valves and Meters ........................ 225 Valves ............................................... 225 Water Meters ...................................... 233 Chapter 16 Water Heaters ................................ 237 Storage-Type Water Heaters ................. 237 Instantaneous Water Heaters ................ 245 Solar Water Heating ............................ 247 Chapter 12 Water Treatment .............................167 Water Contaminants .............................169 pH Balance .........................................170 Iron Removal .......................................171 Hydrogen Sulfide Removal ....................172 Sediment and Turbidity ..........................172 Water Treatment Equipment ...................172 Cartridge Filters ...................................172 Water Softeners ...................................174 Reverse Osmosis .................................174 Pasteurization ......................................175 Ultraviolet Light ....................................175 Chapter 13 Plumbing Fixtures .........................179 Materials Used in Fixtures .....................179 Lavatories and Sinks ............................180 Bathtubs .............................................182 Shower Stalls ......................................185 Toilets.................................................186 Bidet ..................................................189 Urinals ................................................190 Service Sinks ......................................190 Water Fountains ...................................191 Contents xi Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.