Chapter 32 Plumbing Career Opportunities ............................. 507 Who Employs Plumbers? ..................... 507 Advancing in the Plumbing Trades ..........510 Qualifications .......................................512 Education and Training ..........................513 Licensing and Certification ....................513 Employment ........................................514 Characteristics of Desirable Employees ....514 Five Competencies for Employment ........517 Getting the First Plumbing Job .............. 520 Keeping a Job .................................... 524 Starting a Small Business .................... 526 Chapter 33 Plumbing History .......................... 531 Plumbing and Contemporary Civilization ...................................... 532 Fixtures, Faucets, and Valves ................ 536 Pipe and Fittings ................................. 542 Tools and Equipment ........................... 543 Codes, Laws, Standards, and Organizations .................................. 545 Useful Information ........................ 549 Glossary .......................................... 568 Index ................................................. 596 Section 5 Career Development and Plumbing History Chapter 31 Job Organization .......................... 495 Understanding and Sequencing the Job ......................... 495 Preparing a List of Materials and Supplies ......................................... 500 Identifying Special Tool and Equipment Requirements ...................501 Coordinating Work with Other Trades ................................... 502 Working as a Team .............................. 502 Safety ................................................ 504 Arranging for Deliveries and Inspections ..................................... 504 Checking the Quality of the Work ........... 504 Contents 1 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.