Modern Plumbing, 8th Edition Page 314 (328 of 624)

The laying lengths for common types of ABS and PVC fittings are given in Figure 19-26. Cutting Pipe PVC or ABS pipe is usually cut with a pipe cutter designed for plastic, Figure 19-27. Plastic pipe can also be cut with a fine-tooth saw, using a miter box to ensure that the cut will be square, Figure 19-28. All burrs on the cut end of the pipe should be removed with a reamer or abrasive paper. Joining Pipe Before solvent-cementing any type of plastic pipe, thoroughly clean the end of the pipe and the inside of the fitting. Mud or dirt should be wiped away before applying the sol vent cleaner specifi- cally prepared for the type of pipe and fittings being joined. The solvent cleaner both cleans the pipe and removes the surface gloss for better bonding. 2″ Elbow Face 4′-7½″ 4′-6″ ¾″ ¾″ Engagement 4′-6″ + 2¾″ = 4′-7½″ Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-25. When computing pipe length, be sure to include allowance for the depth of socket on each fitting. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-26. The laying length of common ABS and PVC fittings for DWV are given in this table. Nominal size (in) Laying length (in) A A A 45° ell 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 1 1⅛ 1½ 1¾ 23/16 3⅜ A A 90° ell 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 19/16 1¾ 25/16 3 3⅞ 5⅝ Nominal size (in) Laying length (in) A B C B A C Sanitary tee 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 2⅜ 2⅝ 311/16 4⅞ 6⅛ 8⅜ 1⅝ 111/16 25/16 31/16 3⅞ 415/16 19/16 111/16 25/16 31/16 3⅞ 415/16 C A B Wye 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 3⅝ 3⅞ 5 6⅝ 8¼ 10⅜ 11/16 11/16 1⅜ 1⅝ 111/16 1¾ 29/16 213/16 3⅝ 5 6⅜ 87/16 Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc. Figure 19-27. This quick release plastic pipe cutter is rotated around the pipe and tightened ¼ to ½ turn per rotation. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-24. Fitting allowances for various sizes of plastic pipe. Plastic Pipe Depth of Engagement Pipe size (in inches) Engagement (in inches) 1¼ 1½ 2 11/16 11/16 ¾ 3 4 6 1½ 1¾ 3 314 Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

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The laying lengths for common types of ABS and PVC fittings are given in Figure 19-26. Cutting Pipe PVC or ABS pipe is usually cut with a pipe cutter designed for plastic, Figure 19-27. Plastic pipe can also be cut with a fine-tooth saw, using a miter box to ensure that the cut will be square, Figure 19-28. All burrs on the cut end of the pipe should be removed with a reamer or abrasive paper. Joining Pipe Before solvent-cementing any type of plastic pipe, thoroughly clean the end of the pipe and the inside of the fitting. Mud or dirt should be wiped away before applying the sol vent cleaner specifi- cally prepared for the type of pipe and fittings being joined. The solvent cleaner both cleans the pipe and removes the surface gloss for better bonding. 2″ Elbow Face 4′-7½″ 4′-6″ ¾″ ¾″ Engagement 4′-6″ + 2¾″ = 4′-7½″ Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-25. When computing pipe length, be sure to include allowance for the depth of socket on each fitting. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-26. The laying length of common ABS and PVC fittings for DWV are given in this table. Nominal size (in) Laying length (in) A A A 45° ell 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 1 1⅛ 1½ 1¾ 23/16 3⅜ A A 90° ell 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 19/16 1¾ 25/16 3 3⅞ 5⅝ Nominal size (in) Laying length (in) A B C B A C Sanitary tee 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 2⅜ 2⅝ 311/16 4⅞ 6⅛ 8⅜ 1⅝ 111/16 25/16 31/16 3⅞ 415/16 19/16 111/16 25/16 31/16 3⅞ 415/16 C A B Wye 1¼ 1½ 2 3 4 6 3⅝ 3⅞ 5 6⅝ 8¼ 10⅜ 11/16 11/16 1⅜ 1⅝ 111/16 1¾ 29/16 213/16 3⅝ 5 6⅜ 87/16 Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc. Figure 19-27. This quick release plastic pipe cutter is rotated around the pipe and tightened ¼ to ½ turn per rotation. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-24. Fitting allowances for various sizes of plastic pipe. Plastic Pipe Depth of Engagement Pipe size (in inches) Engagement (in inches) 1¼ 1½ 2 11/16 11/16 ¾ 3 4 6 1½ 1¾ 3 314 Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

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necessary to close all openings either with caps, plugs, or test plugs so that the system can be tested. These procedures are discussed near the end of this chapter. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was discovered accidentally in the 19th century. It appeared as a white solid inside flakes of vinyl chloride that had been exposed to light. It was not until 1926, when Waldo Semon of the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method of plasticizing PVC into a more flexible and workable form, that it became a commercially valuable material. Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings DWV plastic piping is generally measured by either the face-to-face or the shoulder-to-shoulder method. The fitting allowances (engagement) for DWV fittings are given in Figure 19-24. These allowances are the same for either ABS or PVC materials. For example, if the face-to-face mea- surement for a 2″ PVC pipe is 4′-6″ and the pipe must engage a fitting at both ends, then the pipe must be cut 4′-7½″ long. This is an allowance of ¾″ for each fitting, or a total of 1½″. See Figure 19-25. joists and mark the 2″ pipe at the inlet to the 90° ell. Remove the 2″ pipe and add the appropriate fitting allowance before cutting the pipe. The double wye can be located anywhere between the 90° ell and the double sanitary tee. For this example, the midpoint was chosen. To determine the length of the 2½″ and 2″ lengths of pipe, subtract the overall length of the fitting from the 3′ distance between the double sanitary tee and the double sanitary wye and divide by two. Add the appropriate fitting allowances to deter- mine the correct length of each pipe. The pipes and fittings that extend from the double wye to the bathtubs can then be installed. The key is to locate the 1½″ 45° ell. Begin by temporarily inserting a length of 1½″ pipe in the double wye and supporting it below the floor joist. Identify which part of the structure the 1½″ pipe to the bathtub P-trap will be parallel to. Typically, this pipe will be parallel to a foundation wall, and it may be parallel to a floor joist. Measure the distance (A) from the parallel surface to the point where the 1½″ pipe connects with the P-trap, Figure 19-23. Once this measurement is transferred to the 1½″ pipe (B), the laying length of the fitting is subtracted and the pipe can be cut to fit. Measure the length of pipe from the ell to the P-trap. Add the appropriate fitting allowance and cut the pipe. Procedures for installing the remainder of the pipe and fittings for the bath stack are the same as those described previously for the kitchen/laundry stack. Once the DWV piping is installed, it is A B Mark here To lavatories Foundation wall End of pipe to tub P-trap Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-23. The length of the pipe connecting the double sanitary wye to the 45° ell of the bathtub can be determined by transferring dimension A to location B. Chapter 19 DWV Pipe and Fitting Installation 313 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

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that are ¾″ or more in width. Stacks should be set in concrete at their base and secured to the building frame in order to maintain alignment. (Additional information about pipe supports is provided toward the end of this chapter.) ABS pipe and fittings were developed in the early 1950s and originally used in oil fields and the chemical industry. John F. Long, an Arizona builder, is credited with the first use of ABS pipe and fittings in residential plumbing in 1959. Choose the appropriate solvent cement for the type of plastic, Figure 19-29. Using the swab that is attached to the solvent cement cap, apply a light coat of the cement to the fitting socket. Do not use the same swab to apply cleaning solvent and solvent cement. Next, apply a heavy coat of cement to the pipe end. See Figure 19-30. Immediately insert the pipe all the way into the fitting socket while giving it a quarter turn, Figure 19-31. This rotation assures that the solvent cement is evenly distributed in the joint. A small bead of solvent cement should be visible completely around the fitting. This indicates that the proper amount of cement was applied. No bead or a partial bead may indicate incom- plete bonding that could result in a leaking joint. The solvent cement will set up in two to five minutes and can be handled with care at that time. Allow 24 hours setting time before testing the pipe. Supporting Pipe Horizontal runs of plastic pipe should be supported every 3′–4′ with metal or plastic hangers Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-28. Using a miter box assures a square cut on plastic pipe. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-29. Various types of solvent cement are available for making joints in plastic piping. Type of plastic Cement ABS CPVC PVC ABS dissolved in methylethylketone CPVC dissolved in tetrahydrofuran PVC dissolved in tetrahydrofuran Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-30. Apply solvent cement to plastic pipe with brush or dabber. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 19-31. Turn the pipe ¼ turn as the joint is assembled and hold it in position until the cement has set. Chapter 19 DWV Pipe and Fitting Installation 315 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

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Page 2Section 1 Introduction to Plumbing click to expand contents

Page 148Section 2 Plumbing Systems click to expand contents

Page 252Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation click to expand contents

Page 440Section 4 Plumbing Services click to expand contents

Page 494Section 5 Career Development and Plumbing History click to expand contents

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