oakum tightly using a yarning iron, Figure 19-48. When the bell is half full, the joint is ready to receive a pour of molten lead. Melt about one pound of lead for each inch of pipe diameter using a portable furnace. Heat the metal until it is completely fluid, and then use a ladle to pour the molten metal into the joint. Molten lead can cause severe burns. Always wear safety glasses or a face shield and heavy gloves when working with this material. Also, make sure that the surfaces of the hub and spigot are completely free of moisture. Molten lead striking wet surfaces creates steam that expands with explosive force, expelling droplets of molten lead. When the lead cools, use a standard caulking iron to compact the lead, making the joint airtight and watertight, Figure 19-49. Move the iron slowly around the joint, tapping it gently with a ball peen hammer. Use care, since a hard or misdirected blow could break the pipe. the neoprene gasket onto the pipe, then position the clamp over the gasket. Finally, tighten both clamp screws to 60 inch-pounds. A torque wrench works best. Bell and spigot cast-iron pipe is joined with neoprene compression gaskets or lead and oakum. Neoprene compression gaskets, Figure 19-47, are installed as the pipe is assembled. Spraying with silicone lubricant makes the assembly easier. Lead and oakum joints are seldom used today in residential or light commercial plumbing. However, repair or remodeling work on older buildings may require this technique. Vertical joints are the easiest to make. Wipe away all dirt and moisture from the inside of the socket and the outside of the spigot. Proper cleaning is important — dirty surfaces will cause poor sealing. Carefully center the spigot in the socket and pack in oakum. Oakum is a type of hemp treated with pitch to make it moisture-proof. Pack the A B The Ridge Tool Co., Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc. Figure 19-46. Chain-type cutters for use on cast-iron pipe. A—Cutter with a compound lever mechanism. B—Cutter with a hydraulic cylinder. Neoprene compression gasket A B E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., The Ridge Tool Co. Figure 19-47. Joining pipe with a compression gasket. A—Special gaskets can be used in place of oakum and lead. B—A pipe assembly tool will force the compression gasket into the joint. 320 Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Modern Plumbing, 8th Edition Page 320 (334 of 624)
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oakum tightly using a yarning iron, Figure 19-48. When the bell is half full, the joint is ready to receive a pour of molten lead. Melt about one pound of lead for each inch of pipe diameter using a portable furnace. Heat the metal until it is completely fluid, and then use a ladle to pour the molten metal into the joint. Molten lead can cause severe burns. Always wear safety glasses or a face shield and heavy gloves when working with this material. Also, make sure that the surfaces of the hub and spigot are completely free of moisture. Molten lead striking wet surfaces creates steam that expands with explosive force, expelling droplets of molten lead. When the lead cools, use a standard caulking iron to compact the lead, making the joint airtight and watertight, Figure 19-49. Move the iron slowly around the joint, tapping it gently with a ball peen hammer. Use care, since a hard or misdirected blow could break the pipe. the neoprene gasket onto the pipe, then position the clamp over the gasket. Finally, tighten both clamp screws to 60 inch-pounds. A torque wrench works best. Bell and spigot cast-iron pipe is joined with neoprene compression gaskets or lead and oakum. Neoprene compression gaskets, Figure 19-47, are installed as the pipe is assembled. Spraying with silicone lubricant makes the assembly easier. Lead and oakum joints are seldom used today in residential or light commercial plumbing. However, repair or remodeling work on older buildings may require this technique. Vertical joints are the easiest to make. Wipe away all dirt and moisture from the inside of the socket and the outside of the spigot. Proper cleaning is important — dirty surfaces will cause poor sealing. Carefully center the spigot in the socket and pack in oakum. Oakum is a type of hemp treated with pitch to make it moisture-proof. Pack the A B The Ridge Tool Co., Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc. Figure 19-46. Chain-type cutters for use on cast-iron pipe. A—Cutter with a compound lever mechanism. B—Cutter with a hydraulic cylinder. Neoprene compression gasket A B E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., The Ridge Tool Co. Figure 19-47. Joining pipe with a compression gasket. A—Special gaskets can be used in place of oakum and lead. B—A pipe assembly tool will force the compression gasket into the joint. 320 Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
