ix End-of-Chapter Content End-of-chapter material provides an opportunity for review and application of concepts. A concise Summary provides an additional review tool and reinforces key learn- ing objectives. This helps you focus on important concepts presented in the text. Know and Understand questions enable you to demonstrate knowledge, identification, and comprehension of chapter material. Apply and Analyze questions extend learning and help you analyze and apply knowledge. Critical Thinking questions develop higher- order thinking and problem solving, personal, and work- place skills. Suggested Activities extend your learning and help you apply knowledge. Color Code Color used in the line drawings included in Modern Plumbing represent various materials and call attention to significant parts of the drawing. The following key shows what each color used in line drawings represent: Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 464 Chapter Review Summary ■DWV problem solving follows three steps: identify the problem if more than one problem may exist, test to pinpoint cause and use proper repair procedures. ■ To clear a blockage in a toilet, lavatory, sink, tub, or shower, begin by using a plunger, followed by water ram, closet auger, snake, drain cleaning machine, and video inspection tool. ■ Cracked or broken toilet tanks or bowls will need to be replaced. Codes require the replacement toilet meet current water consumption and other standards. ■Toilets may leak at the joint between the tank and the bowl or at the joint between the bowl and the DWV piping. Replacing the gasket or wax ring in the leaking joint should solve these problems ■Blockage in a lavatory or sink may be at the stopper, P-trap, or in the DWV piping. Know and Understand Answer the following questions using the information provided in this chapter. 1. True or False? Repairs can be made without first isolating the problem. 2. When a toilet does not drain, the simplest maintenance procedure is to use a _____. A. water ram B. plunger C. closet auger D. snake 3. If more than one drain is affected, it is likely that the problem is in the _____. A. stack or DWV branch drain B. stack or building drain C. sewer main D. sewer main or stack 4. Using a snake to clean a stack can often be accomplished most easily by going to the _____ of the house and inserting the snake in the vent. A. roof B. basement C. crawl space D. first floor 5. A video inspection snake can be used to _____. A. locate buried pipe B. repair broken drainpipe C. identify problems inside pipes D. Both A and C. 6. The joint between the base of a toilet bowl and the closet flange should be sealed with _____. A. caulking B. oakum C. putty D. a wax ring Apply and Analyze 1. Troubleshooting and repair are done by following a three-step process. Put the steps of the process in order. A. When more than one problem could cause the symptom, test to pinpoint the cause. B. Identify the symptoms by observing what is happening. C. When the cause is found, use proper repair procedures. 2. DWV problems fall into three major groups. Name them. 3. A blocked tub, lavatory, shower, or sink drain can be caused by any of five different problems. List the five problems. Critical Thinking 1. How would you determine where a toilet is leaking? If the leak is at the joint between the tank and the bowl of the toilet, how will you solve the problem? Concrete Earth Cold water Hot water Wood Copper Cast iron Component of interest Secondary component