xix x ix Procedures Chapter 2: Safety Using a Fire Extinguisher .................................. 24 Chapter 7: Tools and Supplies Loosening a Tight Bolt or Nut ...........................121 Chapter 8: Working with Tubing and Piping Annealing Tubing ..............................................130 Cutting Tubing with a Tubing Cutter ..................135 Cutting Tubing with a Hacksaw .........................135 Squaring and Remaining Tubing End ...............136 Bending with a Lever-Type Tubing Bender........137 Single Flaring Procedure ..................................139 Double Flaring Procedure Using Adapters ........140 Double Flaring Procedure Using Punches ........141 Soldering Procedure .........................................147 Brazing Procedure ............................................149 Swaging Tubing with a Swaging Adapter ..........152 Solvent Welding Plastic Pipe ............................154 Chapter 10: Equipment and Instruments for Refrigerant Handling and Service Cleaning a Thermistor Vacuum Gauge .............192 Loosening a Stuck Service Port Plug ...............200 Installing a Bolted-On Piercing Valve ................202 Installing a Brazed-On Piercing Valve ...............202 Purging a Gauge Manifold and Hoses ..............204 Testing a Vacuum Pump ...................................213 Chapter 11: Working with Refrigerants Checking Refrigerant Charge by Subcooling ...................................................224 Checking Refrigerant Charge by Superheat ....................................................225 Pumping Down the System ..............................226 Passive Recovery Procedure Using the Compressor ................................................227 Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning includes more than 120 step-by-step procedures. These hands-on service procedures provide easy-to-follow numbered instructions. Clear labeling and unique coloring make these procedures easy to find for future reference. Passive Recovery Procedure without the Compressor....................................228 Vapor Refrigerant Recovery Procedure ............229 Liquid Refrigerant Recovery Procedure ............230 Push-Pull Liquid Recovery Procedure ..............232 Checking a Recovery Cylinder Liquid Level Switch .....................................................235 Locating a Refrigerant Leak .............................236 Pressure Testing with an Inert Gas ...................236 Pressure Testing with the System’s Refrigerant ........................................................237 Two-Part Epoxy Repair .....................................240 One-Part Epoxy Repair ....................................240 Deep Vacuum Evacuation Procedure ...............242 Triple Evacuation Procedure .............................243 Vapor Charging by Weight ................................247 Vapor Charging to “Top Off” an Undercharged System .................................247 Liquid Charging by Weight ................................247 Chapter 13: Electrical Power Crimping Wires to Wire Terminals .....................285 Chapter 14: Basic Electronics Testing a Diode .................................................299 Chapter 15: Electric Motors Reversing the Rotation of a Three-Phase Motor ................................................................325 Identifying Unmarked Compressor Terminals ..........................................................332 Chapter 16: Electrical Control Systems Setting a High-Pressure Safety Cut-Out for a Pressure Motor Control ...............348 Setting the Range on a Dual Pressure Motor Control ....................................................349 Checking a Current Relay.................................352 Checking a Potential Relay ...............................354