22 Section 1 Fundamentals Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 2.2.2 Ladders and Scaff olding Electrical work often requires a ladder, and sometimes a scaffold or other elevated platform. Improper setup or use of ladders and scaffolding is a common cause of injury and property dam- age. Falls from ladders and scaffolds account for a high percentage of work-related deaths. When setting up or moving ladders and scaffolding, be particularly careful not to contact overhead wires or exposed wires. Ladders Ladders used by electricians should be non- conductive and made of wood or fi berglass. fi See Figure 2-4. When working with an exten- sion ladder, always set it at a safe angle and tie it off to prevent a slip or fall. As a rule of thumb, the horizontal distance from the base of the ladder to the structure should be one- quarter of the height where the ladder touches the structure, Figure 2-5. Make sure the base of the ladder has fi rm support. The ground fi or fl oor should be level. If it is not, use a lad- fl der leveler to position the ladder safely. See Figure 2-6. Use extreme care if the surface is wet or icy. Special blocking may be needed to prevent slipping. Stepladders must be set on a level sur- face and must be fully opened so the hinges are locked. Never use a stepladder while it is leaning against a structure. Always open the ladder. Extension Ladder Fiberglass (nonconductive) Stepladder National Safety Apparel Figure 2-3. A basic set of PPE for electrical work may include a flame-resistant or arc-rated coverall or other clothing, insulated rubber gloves, and a hard hat with face shield. Werner Co. Figure 2-4. Use only nonmetallic ladders when working around electricity.