Procedures are highlighted throughout the textbook to provide clear instructions for hands-on service activities. You can easily refer back to these procedures for review and mastery. Cautions alert you to practices to avoid that could potentially damage equipment or instruments. End-of-Chapter Content End-of-chapter material provides an opportunity for review and application of concepts. A concise Summary provides an additional review tool that reinforces key learning objectives. This helps you focus on important concepts presented in the text. Internet Resources list websites that provide content related to the electrical wiring profession. Know and Understand questions enable you to demonstrate knowledge, identifi cation, and comprehension of chapter material. Apply and Analyze questions extend learning and help you analyze and apply knowledge. Critical Thinking questions develop higher-order thinking and problem solving, personal, and workplace skills. Know the Code questions help you gain knowledge of and become comfortable with the NEC. xi 56 Section 1 Fundamentals Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Before using a multimeter you must know the type of current (ac or dc) and the approxi- mate voltage and current of the circuit or device. Use this information to set the tester dial to the appropriate function and scale. Insert the red tester probe lead into the proper port on the tes- ter case. The black lead always goes in the “com- mon” port on the tester, while the red lead is inserted into one of the other ports, depending on the test. Here is an example of how to use a multime- ter to test the voltage at a receptacle on a stan- dard 120 V household circuit: 4.1.3 Multimeter Another device that measures voltage is a multimeter, but this versatile tester does much more than that. Also known as a VOM (volt-ohm- milliammeter), a multimeter comes in a variety of confi gurations and prices. The simplest mod- els test for several electrical properties, including voltage, current, resistance, and continuity. More advanced versions can also test for capacitance, temperature, and frequency. A digital multime- ter displays the measurement on a digital read- out. An analog multimeter is recognizable by its multiple-scaled display with a needle that rotates from left to right. See Figure 4-6. PROCEDURE Measuring Voltage at a Receptacle Using a Multimeter 1. Set the tester dial to the 200 V ac range. 2. Plug the black probe lead into the “com- mon” port on the tester. 3. Plug the red probe lead into the port for testing voltage (the other available port(s) is for testing current). 4. Insert the metal probe of the black lead into the long, straight slot of the receptacle. 5. Insert the metal probe of the red lead into the short, straight slot of the receptacle. 6. Read the result on the multimeter. A read- ing for a live circuit should be approxi- mately 120 V. Ideal Industries, Inc. Analog Multimeter Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Digital Multimeter CAUTION Protect Your Multimeter and Yourself A multimeter can be damaged or destroyed if it is used to test a live a circuit that has more current or voltage than the capability of the meter. For example, many multimeters have a maximum dc current range of 10 A. If you test a dc circuit that exceeds 10 A, you are likely to destroy the multimeter. Some multimeters have ports with fuses that will be blown if you exceed the maximum current for a given port. Figure 4-6. A multimeter is a versatile tool that can measure current, voltage, continuity, and resistance. Chapter 13 Lighting Systems 215 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Summary • The NEC uses the term luminaire to describe a complete lighting fi xture and the term lamp to refer to any type of lightbulb. • Lighting design is based on different types of lighting effects: general (or ambient) lighting, task lighting, accent lighting, and security lighting. • Lighting fi xtures are characterized by how they are installed and the type of lighting effect they create. Recessed fi xtures involve special considerations because they install inside ceiling cavities. • Lamps are identifi ed by their style of base, type of light source (or lighting technology), light output (measured in lumens), and energy consumption (measured in watts). • Controls for light fi xtures include standard single-pole, double-pole, three-way, and four-way switches as well as a variety of specialty switches. • Proper installation of light fi xtures must take into account the type of weight of the fi xture, the installation location, and the ceiling or wall material. Internet Resources The following organizations provide additional information related to the topics in this chapter. Use a search engine to fi nd the organization’s home page and explore the resources available on the website. American Lighting Association. This a trade association for the lighting and ceiling fan industries. Its website offers comprehensive information on residential lighting, including design fundamentals, fi xtures, controls, and room-by-room planning advice. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA website includes information on recycling and disposal of CFLs, including how to safely clean up and dispose of broken lamps. Energy Star. This is an EPA certifi cation program for energy-effi cient appliances and devices. Its website includes information and advice for choosing certifi ed light fi xtures and lamps. Know and Understand Answer the following questions using the informa- tion provided in this chapter. 1. According to the NEC, table lamps are considered _____. A. lamps B. luminaires C. portable fi xtures D. All of the above. 2. According to the NEC, lightbulbs are considered _____. A. lamps B. luminaires C. portable fi xtures D. All of the above. 3. True or False? Task lighting is used to create visual interest or drama. 4. True or False? Security lighting with motion detection works best when installed directly in front of the path it is protecting. 5. Standard ceiling fi xtures that install against a ceiling with little to no gap between fi xture and ceiling are called _____.. A. semi-fl B. C. recessedrece D. fl ush-mount s e org on. s iis6. g g site off o ntial u by-room es ins ag g g flush hhanginging unt 216 Section 3 Installation Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. _____ fi xtures installed in insulated ceilings must be rated IC and AT. A. Semi-fl ush B. Hanging C. Recessed D. Flush-mount 7. Fluorescent tube lamps require a fi xture containing a _____. A. metal fi lament B. LED C. ballast D. bayonet 8. Which of the following statements about CFLs is not true? A. They can be thrown out with household waste. B. They contain small amounts of mercury. C. They tend to lose brightness over time. D. They cannot be used on circuits controlled by standard dimmer switches. 9. True or False? Lumens are a measure of energy consumption. 10. True or False? A ground wire (bare or green insulated) should be connected between the electrical box and the grounding screw on a light fi xture. 11. The most convenient way to control a single lighting fi xture from two different locations is to use two _____ switches. A. dimmer B. single-pole C. three-way D. four-way Apply and Analyze 1. List the basic types of residential wiring. 2. Name three primary types of lamps. 3. What does LED stand for? Critical Thinking 1. What are the four considerations when deciding on a method of mounting a fi xture to a box? 2. How do electronic ballasts found in fl uorescent tubes work? Know the Code A copy of the NEC 2020 is required to answer these questions. 1. Which types of luminaires are permitted in clothes closets? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer. 2. For a luminaire and its equipment to be properly grounded, to what must it be mechanically connected? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer. 3. In what locations is track lighting not permitted to be installed? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer. 4. Are outdoor luminaires permitted to be supported by trees? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer. 5. Should the secondary circuits of low- voltage lighting systems be grounded? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer. 6. What is the maximum amperage rating of branch circuit that is permitted to supply power to a low-voltage lighting system? Cite the NEC section number and paragraph that explains your answer.