iii Preface Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair is designed to help prepare you to service and repair motorcycles, all- terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility task vehicles (UTVs), and scooters. This textbook details the operation, construc- tion, design, diagnosis, service, and repair of these vehicle systems and components. The information in this compre- hensive textbook is easy to understand and applicable to all motorcycle, ATV, UTV, and scooter makes and models. Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair can be used by the novice technician to learn the basics or by the expe- rienced technician as a reference. Motorcycles have changed significantly in recent years. Today’s motorcycles use electronic ignition systems, emission control systems, cruise control, power drives, fuel injection, anti-lock brakes, and many other sophisticated innovations. Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair covers conventional design features as well as the latest engineering advances. Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair provides a student-based approach to learning. Short sentences, concise definitions, and hundreds of color illustrations will help you learn quickly and easily. Information is presented using a building-block approach that starts with simple principles and progresses gradually to more complex topics. Each chapter of Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair opens with several objectives that tell you what will be learned. Each chapter also prepares you for the chapters that follow. Knowledge builds systematically as you pro- gress through the text. All technical terms are defined as soon as they are mentioned. A glossary is also provided at the end of the text. This ensures that you can easily under- stand the many terms essential to motorcycle technicians. A new Lab Workbook for Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair provides guided shop procedures for hands-on practice of skills, allowing you to demonstrate what they have learned. We congratulate you on your study of powersports technology and encourage you to take advantage of all the resources available as part of the Motorcycles: Fundamentals, Service, Repair learning solution. About the Authors Chris Grissom began working in the service department of a motorcycle dealership while racing flat track. He raced professionally during the 1970s, but came to realize his real talent was modifying motorcycles for maximum perfor- mance rather than racing them himself. Mr. Grissom even- tually bought a local dealership and operated it for 35 years. Mr. Grissom has worked with top motorcycle and ATV riders in cross-country, motocross, and flat track rac- ing. He has worked closely with Suzuki Amateur racing, Team Green, and Yoshimura Off-Road. His company, Chris Grissom Racing, has been a dominant player in race engine building around the world. His engines have won national championships in the United States and Australia. In 2007, Chris Grissom was approached to develop a training program at Tennessee College of Applied Technol- ogy (TCAT) in Paris, Tennessee, and he became the Motor- cycle/ATV Repair instructor in the very same shop where he studied small engine repair while in high school. He recently added Outdoor Power Equipment to his program. Mr. Grissom’s students have twice placed in the top 5 in the National SkillsUSA® Motorcycle Service Technology com- petition and have begun competing in the Outdoor Power Equipment competition. Matt Spitzer has 23 years of experience as a technician and an instructor. He was formally trained at Shoreline Community College in the Toyota T-TEN program under legendary instructor Jack Shiel. While attending Shoreline, Mr. Spitzer won the Washington State SkillsUSA Automo- tive Technology competition and became a certified Toyota technician. He graduated with a 4.0 grade point average, earning his Associate in Applied Science. After earning his Toyota Master Certification and ASE Master Technician Certification, Mr. Spitzer returned to Shoreline Community College, becoming the T-TEN Instructor of his former program. T he program earned Toyota’s prestigious Recognition Award as the top Toyota program in the country six out of the seven years Mr. Spitzer was employed there. Building on his love of motorcycles, teaching expe- rience, and mechanical ability, Matt Spitzer accepted the position of powersports and equipment technology instructor at Bates Technical College in Tacoma, WA. In 2017, a Bates Technical College student won the National SkillsUSA Motorcycle Service Technology competition.