xii Chapter 13 Exhaust Systems and Emissions Control . . . . .263 Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Exhaust System Components and Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 Exhaust Scavenging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 Exhaust Power Valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Exhaust Pipe Collector . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Spark Arrester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Inspecting and Servicing Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Turbochargers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Emission Control Systems . . . . . . . 270 Exhaust Emission Control . . . . . . . . . . .271 Evaporative Emission Control . . . . . . . .272 Catalytic Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Exhaust Gas Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Noise Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Chapter 14 Battery and Charging Systems. . . . . . 279 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Battery Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . .280 Battery Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 Battery Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283 Battery Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 Troubleshooting Battery Problems . . . . .289 Alternators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Alternator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290 Ac Charging Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Dc Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Charging System Rectification and Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Rectifi ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Voltage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Charging System Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Parasitic Draw Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Voltage Output Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Current Output Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Stator Continuity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Charging Coil Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Troubleshooting Charging Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Chapter 15 Electrical Accessory Systems . . . . . 305 Electrical Accessory Systems. . . . . 305 Lighting Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Taillights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309 Brake Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Turn Signal Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Lighting System Problems. . . . . . . . . . . 311 Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Warning and Indicator Circuits . . . 314 Oil Pressure Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . 315 Oil Level Indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . 315 Fuel Level Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Charging Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 FI (Fuel Injection) Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Side Stand Indicator Light . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Anti-Lock Brake Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Speedometers and Odometers . . . . . . . 317