x Th e third edition of Networking Fundamentals has been revised to align to current CompTIA Network+ Exam objectives. Additionally, updates were made in each chapter to provide cov- erage of the newest operating systems and networking technologies. Th e most noticeable change to this edition is a minor reorganization of the chapters, resulting in 20 chapters rather than 21 as in the last edition. In the previous edition, a chapter was dedicated to a close inspection of the OSI model. Th is information has been relocated into chapters that provide similar or related content. Th is was done to streamline student progression and enhance comprehension by grouping related content together. ■ Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking was revised to include a detailed discussion of the OSI model previously found in Chapter 16 of the second edition. Th is change was made in an eff ort to allow students the ability to apply the OSI model to subse- quent lessons in a more meaningful way. ■ Chapter 2 Network Media—Copper-Core Cable was updated and streamlined to highlight the most important information while making the material more accurate in regard to what students will encounter in the real world. ■ Chapter 3 Fiber-Optic Cable has been given minor updates and revisions. ■ Chapter 4 Wireless Technology was streamlined and revised to bring the chapter up to date with new wireless technology. ■ Chapter 5 Digital Encoding and Data Transmission now includes detailed informa- tion about encapsulation formerly found in Chapter 16 of the previous edition. ■ Chapter 6 Network Operating Systems and Network Communication has been brought up to date and now aligns closer to CompTIA objectives. ■ Chapter 7 Microsoft Network Operating Systems was revised to make it current with CompTIA objectives and recent software released. ■ Chapter 8 Unix/Linux Operating Systems is largely intact as originally presented in the previous edition, but was given minor revisions and updates. ■ Chapter 9 Introduction to Servers was revised for accuracy and for inclusion of the topic of virtualization. ■ Chapter 10 TCP/IP Fundamentals was revised for accuracy and relevance to make it more current with industry standards. ■ Chapter 11 Subnetting was given minor revisions and updates. ■ Chapter 12 Additional Transmission Modalities has been retitled and updated for accuracy and relevance. ■ Chapter 13 Web Servers and Services was revised to provide content that aligns with current Network+ Exam objectives. ■ Chapter 14 Remote Access and Long-Distance Communication is largely intact as it was in the previous edition, but has been revised with updates and information regarding IPsec. ■ Chapter 15 Network Security was heavily revised and reorganized to include a ded- icated section to malware, increased discussion of cryptography and vulnerabilities, device hardening, and current authentication methods. New to this Edition