Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 82 Networking Fundamentals ■ Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk is a measurement of the negated eff ects of cable attenuation caused by crosstalk. Copper-Core Cables ■ Copper conductor wire size is based on its diameter and is expressed as a size according to the American Wire Gauge (AWG). Th e larger AWG the number, the smaller the wire size. ■ Th ree common coaxial cable types that have been used for networking are RG-6, RG-8 (thicknet), and RG-58 (thinnet). ■ Twisted-pair cable is divided into seven categories. Th e categories are based on the physical design and capabilities of the cable, such as the maximum frequency rating, the data rate that the cable is capable of, and number of twists per foot. IEEE 802 Standard ■ Th e IEEE 802.3 standard describes the characteristics of various Ethernet technologies, such as 10 Mbps, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Giga- bit Ethernet. ■ An Auto-MDIX compliant device automatically reassigns the pin functions so that a crossover cable is not required for communication. ■ Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a way of powering devices that consume small amounts of electrical energy, approximately 13 watts at 48 volts, over net- work cable. Wiring Faults ■ Wiring faults include shorts, opens, reversed pairs, crossed pairs, and split pairs. Review Questions 1. What are two general classifi cations of network media? 2. Twisted-pair and coaxial cables both use pulsating _____ energy to transmit data. 3. _____ signals have discrete values, while _____ signals have continuous ranges of values. 4. What is attenuation? 5. What is latency? 6. Noise and crosstalk are types of _____. 7. Diff erentiate between baseband and broadband transmissions. 8. List the three modes in which communication can occur. 9. What is the diff erence between half-duplex and full-duplex communication? 10. Bandwidth in analog transmissions is measured in _____ and is represented by the abbreviation _____.