vi Networking Fundamentals is designed with certifi cation in mind. Th is text has been updated to refl ect current programs, systems, and practices in the information technology industry. It also adheres to the newest objec- tives of the CompTIA Network+ Exam, ensuring students are up to date with the most recent testing domains. Outcomes At the beginning of each chapter, a list of outcomes guide student learning as they read the material presented. Each outcome is aligned with the content headings, as well as with the summary bullet points and review ques- tions at the end of the chapter. Th is alignment provides a logical fl ow through each page of the material so that students may build on individual knowledge as they progress through the chapters. Network+ Objectives Network+ Objectives are listed on each chapter opener to engage students and highlight important testing points presented in the content. Students can use the list of objectives as a checklist, verifying their understanding of the Network+ standards as they are presented in the material. In addition, the objectives are noted by an icon in the margin where the material is covered. Th is pro- vides a visual clue as to where each objective is met in the chapter. Tech Tip Th e Tech Tip feature highlights supplemental informa- tion about practical application of networking concepts. Th ese tips vary in their scope, ranging from simple syn- onyms or defi nitions of discussed material to real-world advice that provides students with insight that will help in their assignments and careers. Note Th e Note feature provides information that may not be tested on the CompTIA exam, but will be helpful for students to know as they begin their careers. Th is infor- mation provides valuable insight to real-word situations in the workplace. Focus on Certification