Practice Questions for the Certification Competency Examination After studying this text, students will be prepared to take the certification competency examination in their state. At the end of each section, reinforcement, application, and critical thinking questions solidify learning of critical skills and knowledge. Each chapter assessment includes practice test questions similar to those found on certification competency examinations across the US. These tests provide an opportunity to practice answering exam questions and apply test-taking skills. Exam questions are presented in a multiple choice format and assess understanding of the topics covered in each chapter. Two full practice exams are also provided in the Study Guide that accompanies this text. The Healthy Body: Anatomy and Physiology 219 SECTION 10.2 Review and Assessment Key Terms Mini Glossary alimentary canal a muscular tube of organs that starts in the mouth and leads down to the anus a part of the gastrointestinal system also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. anatomy the study of the body’s structure and parts. appendicular skeleton the skeletal structure that enables the body to move includes bones in the body’s appendages (arms and legs). autonomic nervous system (ANS) the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary, unconscious body functions. axial skeleton the skeletal structure that provides stability for the body includes bones in the body’s trunk. central nervous system (CNS) the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a chemical compound that contains instructions for developing and directing the growth and activities of living organisms. ducts tubes for conveying substances in the body. endocrine glands ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. exocrine glands glands with ducts that transport hormones to other organs or to the surface of the skin. formed elements the solid component of blood consists of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. gland a group of specialized cells that secrete substances. ligaments fibrous cords of tissue that attach bone to bone and support organs. peripheral nervous system (PNS) the part of the nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. physiology the study of how the body functions. plasma the liquid component of blood is composed of water, hormones, protein, sugar, and waste products. platelets flat, circular cells in the blood that assist in the clotting process. receptors sensory nerve endings on or within a cell that react to various stimuli and produce an effect. red blood cells the components of the blood that contain hemoglobin are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange also called erythrocytes. somatic nervous system the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary body functions and the movement of skeletal muscle. sperm the male reproductive cell fertilizes the ovum during reproduction. sphincter a circular muscle that can open or close found in the heart and gastrointestinal system. tendons bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone. white blood cells components of the blood that fight infection and provide protection also called leukocytes. Applying the Key Terms Complete the following sentences using the key terms in this section. 1. _____, or erythrocytes, are components of the blood that contain hemoglobin and are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. 2. The fibrous cords of tissue that attach bone to bone and support organs are called _____. 3. When a person studies the body’s structure and parts they are learning _____. 4. _____ are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. 5. The skeletal structure that provides stability for the body and includes bones in the body’s trunk is called the _____. Know and Understand the Facts 6. Which organ is primarily responsible for breathing? 7. Which body systems are responsible for body movement? 8. Describe how the urinary system excretes waste. 9. List one lifestyle habit that can be changed to delay the aging of a body system. 10. Identify two organs that are affected by aging and explain how they change. Analyze and Apply Concepts 11. Select one body system and describe the locations and functions of its organs. 12. Identify two body systems whose organs work together to achieve a particular function and describe that function. 13. Explain how the hormones of the endocrine system regulate body functions. Think Critically Read the following care situation. Then answer the questions that follow. Seventy-five year old Mrs. J fell last week. She is now back at the healthcare facility with her right humerus, wrist, ankle, and two ribs fractured (broken). She still has bruises on her face and neck, and her balance is not good. Prior to the accident, she was having difficulty breathing and used a walker to ambulate. She also has a urinary catheter. 14. Which body systems were affected by Mrs. J’s accident? 15. List three body functions that will be affected by Mrs. J’s injuries. 16. How has and will her aging process influence her injuries and healing process? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. wo organs that are affected by aging and o e e wo organs that are affected by ag ing an d o e Summary and Review 19 454 Key Points Reviewing the key points for this chapter will help you practice more safely and competently as a holistic nursing assistant and will help you prepare for the certification competency examination. • Personal hygiene and grooming promote healing and physical and emotional well-being create an environment of cleanliness, relaxation, and comfort and help improve quality of life. • Personal hygiene includes morning care bathing shampooing, brushing, and combing hair shaving oral and denture care fingernail and foot care and perineal care. Nursing assistants may also assist with dressing and undressing residents and changing the gown or clothes of a resident with an IV. • Maintaining skin integrity keeps the skin healthy. Nursing assistants must observe the skin regularly and immediately report any changes to the licensed nursing staff. • Heat applications increase circulation, raise skin temperature, relax muscles, and ease pain. Cold applications are typically recommended for acute injuries because they reduce inflammation. Action Steps to Holistic Care Review the information in this chapter. Complete the following activities. 1. Select one personal hygiene procedure from this chapter. Prepare a short paper or digital presentation that identifies and describes the four most important practices in the procedure. Include one that promotes comfort and one that ensures safety. 2. Select one heat or cold application from this chapter. Prepare a poster that shows three facts that demonstrate proper procedure and safe application. 3. Find four pictures in a magazine, in a newspaper, or online: two that demonstrate good skin integrity and two that show poor skin integrity. Describe each image and explain why it was selected. 4. Select one cultural, ethnic, or religious group and describe its beliefs about personal hygiene and grooming. List two ways holistic nursing assistants can respect those beliefs when providing care. To prepare for the nursing assistant certification competency examination, you will need to know content found in this chapter. This content may be tested in the knowledge (written or oral) and skills (hands-on demonstration) portions of the exam. The following areas will be emphasized: • principles of daily hygiene and grooming, including independence and self-reliance during these activities • personal hygiene and grooming within a plan of care • bathing, including a sitz bath and whirlpool • hair care and shampooing, brushing, and combing hair • shaving of male residents • oral and denture care • nail and foot care and important actions for residents with particular diseases and conditions • dressing and undressing and changing gowns for residents with IVs • skin integrity and the complications and effects of inadequate skin care • applications of heat and cold These sample test questions are similar to ones you will find on the certification competency exam. See how well you can answer them. Be sure to select the best answer. 1. To what angle should the head of the bed be raised for oral care? A. at least 20° B. at least 45° C. at least 15° D. at least 60° 2. A warm, moist compress is usually applied for A. 25 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 5 minutes Preparing for the Certification Competency Examination Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Assisting with Personal Hygiene 455 3. Mrs. D recently had a stroke, and her left side is paralyzed. When helping Mrs. D dress, which arm should the nursing assistant put into the sleeve of her pajama top first? A. right arm B. stronger arm C. stable arm D. weaker arm 4. A nursing assistant is providing a foot bath for Mr. G, a diabetic. Which of the following should the nursing assistant do? A. soak Mr. G’s feet for at least 40 minutes B. use enough water to cover Mr. G’s ankles C. make sure the water is not too hot D. strongly rub Mr. G’s feet with a towel after the bath 5. One of the most important responsibilities holistic nursing assistants have when providing personal hygiene and grooming is A. discarding all dirty linens immediately B. encouraging resident independence and self-reliance C. giving clear instructions D. have residents’ families help as much as possible 6. A new nursing assistant has been asked to wash Mrs. F’s hair. She reviews the procedure for rinsing out shampoo and finds that she should A. start at the hairline and move down the strands of hair B. start from the bottom of the hair and work up to the top strands C. rinse from side to side and then rinse the hairline D. start in the middle of the scalp and move toward the hairline 7. When giving a total bed bath, the nursing assistant should A. start with the arms and then wash the legs and the rest of the body B. start with the abdomen, wash the arms and legs, and then wash the rest of the body C. start with the feet and work up the body to the face D. start at the top of the body, beginning with the face 8. Which of the following is an important guideline for giving foot care? A. apply lotion to the toes and feet and massage briskly B. apply lotion to the feet, toes, and between the toes C. apply lotion to the tops and soles of the feet, but not between the toes D. apply lotion to the tops and soles of the feet and between the toes 9. When performing female perineal care, a nursing assistant should A. place her fi ngers on the areas being washed B. wash the labia using downward strokes from top to bottom C. wash from the thighs in toward the labia D. wash the labia using upward strokes from bottom to top 10. When observing the skin of an older, frail, female resident, where should the nursing assistant look first? A. under the breasts B. between the legs C. around the neck and ears D. at the elbows and tailbone 11. One possible harmful effect of cold applications is A. frostbite B. cyanosis C. edema D. pallor 12. Which of the following is an important guideline for shaving? A. put a cool compress on the face and then shave in the direction of hair growth B. put a warm compress on the face and then shave opposite the direction of hair growth C. put a warm compress on the face and then shave in the direction of hair growth D. put a cool compress on the face and then shave opposite the direction of hair growth 13. What is the difference between a whirlpool and a sitz bath? A. A sitz bath is usually part of a total bed bath. B. A whirlpool has jets that swirl the water. C. A whirlpool is usually part of a total bed bath. D. A sitz bath has jets that swirl the water. 14. Yesterday, the doctor diagnosed Mrs. I with a sprained ankle. His order is to apply A. warm, moist compresses B. warm soaks C. a heating pad D. cold, moist compresses 15. Which of the following is included in a.m. care? A. oral care B. warm, moist compresses C. whirlpool D. cold, moist compresses Did you have difficulty with any of the questions? If you did, review the chapter to find the correct answer(s). Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.