vii Contents UNIT 1 Food Habits and Wellness CHAPTER 1 Making Wellness a Lifestyle ...................... 2 What Is Wellness? ........................................4 Aspects of Wellness .....................................5 Factors That Affect Wellness ......................8 The Science of Nutrition and Wellness .....17 Chapter 1 Review and Expand ................24 CHAPTER 2 Factors Affecting Food Habits ................ 26 Cultural Influences on Food Habits .......28 Social Influences on Food Habits ............31 Emotions Affect Food Habits ...................35 The Influences of Agriculture, Technology, Economics, and Politics ....39 Nutrition Knowledge Affects Food Habits ............................................46 Chapter 2 Review and Expand ................48 CHAPTER 3 Practicing Safe Food Habits ................... 50 Common Food Contaminants .................52 Outwitting the Food Contaminators ......58 When Foodborne Illness Happens .........65 People and Public Food Safety ................68 Chapter 3 Review and Expand ................74 UNIT 2 Understanding Nutrients CHAPTER 4 Nutrients and You ................................. 76 Food, Nutrients, and Energy ...................78 The Process of Digestion ..........................82 Absorption of Nutrients ...........................88 Metabolism .................................................89 Factors Affecting Digestion and Absorption .....................................90 Digestive Disorders ...................................93 Chapter 4 Review and Expand ................98 CHAPTER 5 Nutrition Guidelines ............................ 100 Tools for Planning Healthy Eating ........102 Using Food Recommendations and Guidelines ....................................121 Chapter 5 Review and Expand ..............126 CHAPTER 6 Carbohydrates .................................... 128 Types of Carbohydrates .........................130 Functions of Carbohydrates ..................133 How Your Body Uses Carbohydrates ....135 Meeting Your Carbohydrate Needs ......138 The Glycemic Index (GI) ........................142 Health Questions Related to Carbohydrates ................................143 Chapter 6 Review and Expand ..............150 CHAPTER 7 Lipids: Fats and Oils ............................ 152 Types of Lipids ........................................154 Functions of Lipids .................................158 How Your Body Uses Lipids .................159 Meeting Your Lipid Needs .....................161 Health Questions Related to Lipids ......169 Chapter 7 Review and Expand ..............176 CHAPTER 8 Proteins .............................................. 178 What Is Protein? ......................................180 Functions of Protein ................................181 How Your Body Uses Protein ................183 Meeting Your Protein Needs .................184 Food Sources of Protein ..........................188 Vegetarian Diet ........................................192 Health Questions Related to Protein ....194 Chapter 8 Review and Expand ..............198