Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, 1st Edition Page 525 (549 of 1180)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production 525 Thinking Critically 1. What are some of the ethical issues surrounding the beef industry? Research these issues and choose a specific area that interests you. Use your research to write a brief argument for or against a specific issue. 2. The waste from cattle operations produces a considerable amount of methane. Is this methane production detrimental to the environment? How can methane produced from animal waste be used productively?

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Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production 525 Thinking Critically 1. What are some of the ethical issues surrounding the beef industry? Research these issues and choose a specific area that interests you. Use your research to write a brief argument for or against a specific issue. 2. The waste from cattle operations produces a considerable amount of methane. Is this methane production detrimental to the environment? How can methane produced from animal waste be used productively?

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Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 524 Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources 20. A primal cut from the section between the ribs and the round, and above the flank of beef cattle. 21. The process of carrying young in the womb between conception and birth pregnancy. 22. Castrated beef/dairy cattle. 23. Term used to describe the large primary pieces into which a beef carcass is divided. 24. Bulls, heifers, and cows that are used in registered breeding herds as well as commercial cattle operations. 25. A tough, fatty primal cut of meat from the front belly of beef cattle, just below the rib cut. 26. A primal cut from the abdominal muscles of beef cattle. Know and Understand Answer the following questions using the information provided in this lesson. 1. Which beef cattle breeds are indigenous to the United States? 2. What is the approximate gestation period for beef cows? 3. At what age are heifers usually bred? 4. At what age are calves weaned and sold in cow-calf operations? 5. Identify the type of diet beef cattle enjoy while living in feedlot operations. Explain why they are fed this type of diet. 6. List the types of performance data kept on record for purebred cattle. 7. Explain why cattle chew cud. 8. Explain why it is a good idea to maintain some level of human contact with a herd of beef cattle. 9. List the primal cuts of beef. 10. Explain the difference between Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus. Analyze and Apply 1. How has the beef industry changed since it first began in the United States? Research the development of the beef industry in the United States. Find at least five major events that affected the course of the industry. How were these events significant? 2. The beef industry is strong in many other countries around the world. Aside from the United States, which countries produce and export a significant amount of beef and beef products? Who purchases or imports the most beef from these countries? 3. How large is the organic beef industry in the United States? How are these animals raised? What are they fed? How is it determined whether or not the cattle have been raised organically?

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Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 526 Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources 10.2 Dairy Industry Words to Know artificial insemination (A.I.) butter buttermilk cheese condensed milk cream evaporated milk frozen yogurt homogenization ice cream mastitis milk milking parlor parturition somatic cell sour cream teats udder yogurt Lesson Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: „ Understand the size and scope of the U.S. dairy industry. „ Understand common terminology of the dairy industry. „ Identify common dairy products. „ Describe the components of the U.S. dairy industry. „ Understand commonly used production systems in the dairy industry. „ Describe different breeds of dairy cattle in the United States. Before You Read Take a moment to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between dairy cattle and beef cattle. Share the results with your classmates and teacher. Dairy cattle are cattle raised for their ability to produce large amounts of milk. According to the USDA, there are approximately 9.2 million head of dairy cattle in the United States. Dairy cattle are found in all 50 states of the United States. More than 19% (1.78 million) of the total number of dairy cows are found in the state of California. The top five states (in order) in dairy production are California, Wisconsin, New York, Idaho, and Pennsylvania, Figure 10-11. Dairy Industry in the United States The U.S. dairy industry contributes approximately $140 billion to our economy. There are more than 50,000 dairies in the United States and more than 95% are family owned and operated. The average herd size for a dairy is 115 cows. Three-fourths of U.S. dairies have less than 100 cows, Figure 10-12. Eighty-five percent of milk produced in our country comes from dairies that have more than 100 cows. Dairy farms in the United States produce approximately 23 billion gallons of milk per year. The average dairy cow will produce almost 7 gallons of milk a day. That totals more than 2,500 gallons per year. The main commodity produced from dairy cattle is milk and milk products. However, when dairy cattle are harvested, they also produce beef. Dairy calves account for approximately 14% of beef production in the United States. One in every five pounds of beef consumed in our country comes from dairy cattle. Lesson

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