To go from blueprint to finished building, it is important to follow the steps of the construction process. Once the building or structure has been designed and the blueprints created, the construction process may begin.
Construction projects require building permits and periodic inspections during the building process. The permitting process ensures that builders use the correct building methods and materials, and that they construct buildings on appropriate sites. Building inspectors conduct inspection throughout the construction process to verify that approved practices are being used for electrical and plumbing installation, and that the building structure is sound.
Construction begins with site preparation. To prevent accidents and service interruption, local utility services must first be called to mark the location of any buried lines, cables, or pipes on the property. Once these areas have been marked, a surveyor is hired to survey the site and mark appropriate boundaries. At this point, the area may safely be cleared and leveled in preparation for the foundation. Improper or inadequate site leveling and preparation can result in cracked foundations and damage to the building.
Almost all structures require the installation of footings before any other part of the building is constructed or installed. Footings are made of concrete and designed to distribute the weight of a structure over a greater area to minimize settling or movement of the structure. Local building codes often determine the size, spacing, and depth of footings.
Once the footings are poured and cured, the building’s foundation may be installed. The foundation is typically constructed of concrete, masonry block, or brick. Many agricultural structures are constructed on concrete slab foundations. This type of foundation is poured over a gravel base and usually has reinforcement bars placed throughout. All drains must be in place before the concrete is poured.
Once the foundation is in place, the framing process begins. The external walls and roof are constructed on-site, or prefabricated sections are transported to the job site and assembled. The frame of the building supports the exterior walls, interior walls, and the roof. All framing must meet approved building standards. Once the wood framing and roofing is completed, the electrical wiring, plumbing, and ventilation ducts may be installed.
Roofing materials vary according to the purpose and use of the building as well as the climate of the area. Sheet metal, asphalt shingles, or fiberglass panels may be used to cover most agricultural buildings. Greenhouses may use shade fabric, plastic sheeting, polycarbonate panels, or glass panes and panels.
The finishing process includes the outdoor siding as well as various interior components. Many agricultural buildings are not “finished” on the interior. For these types of interiors, the finishing process usually involves the installation of electrical and plumbing fixtures as well as the construction of pens, stalls, and work areas. Structures that are completely finished on the interior also require the installation of insulation, wall coverings, ventilation systems, and appliances such as furnaces, water heaters, and air conditioners. Inspectors will examine building to ensure that all systems meet safety standards and approved practices for construction.