Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 14 Internet and the World Wide Web 573 Although the Internet is the result of many talented people, one person stands out as the individual who made the Internet accessible to the masses. Sir Timothy Berners-Lee conceived and built the World Wide Web. While working as a computer programmer at CERN in Bern, Switzerland, Berners-Lee noticed how very difficult it was to find and read documents of research results that were stored on the Internet. He devised the notion of the uniform resource locator (URL) as an address for every document on the Internet. Then he used the existing technology of hypertext to describe markup rules for developing browsers to view the documents. His final step was to create the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for locating and delivering the documents to the requesting computer. That was in 1989. At this time, Berners- Lee is working at the World Wide Web Consortium. He directs the World Wide Web foundation. Titans of Technology of the hyperlink, typically in the status bar at the bottom of the browser window. In general, a single click selects an item on a webpage, while a double click activates an item. The exception is a hyperlink, which is activated with a single click, not a double click. A right-click displays a shortcut menu of actions including navigation and page-management tools. Generally, this shortcut menu provides browser-based actions, but it is possible for a web designer to program a shortcut menu for page- based actions. Downloads. Files and applications may be downloaded to the user’s computer. Browsers use file transfer protocol to bring image, text, PDF, or other files to the local computer. The process is known as downloading. Each browser has a default location where downloaded files are saved. For example, Microsoft Edge (Internet Explorer) in a Windows 10 environment has a default location as This PC Download, which is the C:\ Users\(user name)\Downloads folder. One of the settings that can be made in the browser is whether or not to prompt for a download location. A good file-management technique is to make the browser prompt for the storage location each time a download is requested. Then, save the file in your project’s folder. If this setting is not to prompt, the browser automatically stores the downloaded file in the default location. History. The history feature keeps track of the locations visited using the browser. This feature makes it easy to return to one of the listed pages. Figure 14-9 shows the history feature in Microsoft Edge. Back, Forward, and Refresh. The back and forward functions allow you to move backward and forward through the pages you have visited. This is easier than reentering the URL of a previously visited page. The refresh function is used to reinitialize the current page. This is sometimes needed if the page has frozen or is used to update dynamic information on the page, such as the display of the amount of time left in an online auction. GS5 Computing Fundamentals 3.9 GS5 Computing Fundamentals 7.4.3.1