Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 518 Unit 3 Living Online A relative address provides the information needed to fi nd the resource from a known location. For example, to give somebody instructions to a house from where you are standing: Go two streets over and down a block to 123 Main Street. Web designers often use relative addresses when programming websites. Relative addresses are used for locations on the same domain, where absolute addresses are used for locations on other domains. Consider the previous URL. A hyperlink on a web page stored in the top folder may be: ./deploy360/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/IPv6-Fact-Sheet- English-v1.pdf The period or dot (.) represents the current folder on the website. Therefore, this URL tells the browser to start at the current folder and then use the remaining information to locate the PDF. If a web page on another domain, such as code.org, contains a hyperlink pointing to this document, the absolute address must be used: http://www.internetsociety.org/deploy360/wp-content/ uploads/2014/10/IPv6-Fact-Sheet-English-v1.pdf Browsers Browsers are the user’s interface to the World Wide Web. A browser is a computer program that retrieves hypertext documents via the HTTP protocol and displays them on the computer monitor. The name is derived from the activity of browsing, or surfi ng, the web to locate fi les. While these programs are also known as web browsers, browsers now offer many abilities beyond surfi ng the World Wide Web. Living Online 1.1.3.10, 1.1.3.12, 2.1.4 Living Online 1.2.9 Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 13-6. A breakdown of the URL given in the text. Element Meaning http The protocol, which in this case is hypertext transfer protocol www Third-level domain, which in this case is the World Wide Web internetsociety Second-level domain, which is the site name org Top-level domain /deploy360/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ Folder names, which provide a path to the intended document on the server IPv6-Fact-Sheet-English-v1.pdf The document name and file extension if a document is not named, a default document is retrieved, such as index.html Note: the colon terminates the protocol, the two forward slashes introduce the site identifier, the periods (dots) separate the domains, and single forward slashes separate folders on the server. GS4 GS5