Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 114 Section 3 Specifications and Materials The bonds used most widely are common bond, running bond, English bond, English cross bond, Flemish bond, and stacked bond. See Figure 7-11. Brick Positions Bricks can be positioned in different ways. These posi- tions are used by the architect to develop a design or style in the building, as well as to add to the structural strength of the brickwork. Each position has a name that identifies it. For example, the most common position is the stretcher, r r Figure 7-12. It is laid in a flat position, lengthwise with the wall. Bricks in the stretcher position make up a large portion of most walls. In some bonds, such as the common bond (also called American bond), every sixth or seventh course is turned 90°. This is done to improve appearance or to tie the face brick with the backing wall. Bricks laid in this manner are called headers, and the course is referred to as a header course. Special bricks are also available in unusual shapes for window sills, rounded corners, and other nonstandard applications. Brick Symbols Brick is indicated on plan and section drawings with 45° crosshatch lines. For common brick, the lines are widely spaced for face brick, the spacing is narrower. See Figure 7-10. Firebrick is shown on plan drawings with the usual 45° lines indicating brick, plus vertical lines that designate it as firebrick. On elevation drawings, brick is normally indicated by horizontal lines. A note identifies the type of brick. Some architects only draw horizontal lines around the outer surface of brick walls. Brick Bonds There are several types of brick bonds, so construction workers should be familiar with those used most widely. A bond is the bricklaying pattern. Bonds are designed to improve appearance, add strength, or tie a wythe wall to a backing wall. Concrete Block Structural clay Brick Stone Tile Sections Structural clay tile Elevations Cast Small scale Large scale Ashlar Rubble Ceramic Cast Cinder block Common brick Face brick Fire brick Cut stone Rubble Slate Glazed Tile on concrete Concrete masonry unit Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-10. Symbols for common masonry materials.