78 Print Reading for Industry
Perpendicular Parallel Inclined
Figure 5-6.
A flat surface is oriented perpendicular, parallel, or inclined to a plane of projection.
Edge view
(looks like a line)
True size
and shape
Foreshortened
shape
Figure 5-7.
A flat surface can appear in a projection as an edge, in true size and shape, or foreshortened.
T
F R
T
F
R
B
C
A
B
A
B C
A
C
A B
Figure 5-8.
A—This object has normal surfaces. B—This object has normal and inclined surfaces.