viii
Chapter 4
Measurements and Scales ...............................................................67
4.1 Tape Measure ........................................................................................................................68
4.2 Drawing Scales .....................................................................................................................69
4.3 Scaled Drawings ....................................................................................................................71
Chapter 5
Basic Duct Symbols and Drawings ...................................................87
5.1 Duct Systems .........................................................................................................................88
5.2 Straight Duct Sections ............................................................................................................90
5.3 Fittings .................................................................................................................................92
5.4 Duct System Accessories ........................................................................................................106
Chapter 6
Estimating Duct Systems ................................................................119
6.1 Using an Architect’s Scale to Determine Duct System Dimensions and Component Locations ........120
6.2 Total Equivalent Length (TEL) ...............................................................................................121
6.3 Determining the Amount of Material Required to Fabricate a Duct Section .................................125
Chapter 7
Piping Drawings ..............................................................................137
7.1 Piping Systems ......................................................................................................................138
7.2 Piping Abbreviations .............................................................................................................140
7.3 Valves ..................................................................................................................................142
7.4 Pipe Fittings .........................................................................................................................144
7.5 Gauges and Switches .............................................................................................................146
7.6 Piping Symbols and Drawing Concepts ...................................................................................149
Chapter 8
Equipment Installation Considerations ............................................159
8.1 Equipment Location ..............................................................................................................160
8.2 Ductwork Location and Considerations ..................................................................................166
8.3 Plumbing Line Location and Considerations ............................................................................173
Chapter 4
Measurements and Scales ...............................................................67
4.1 Tape Measure ........................................................................................................................68
4.2 Drawing Scales .....................................................................................................................69
4.3 Scaled Drawings ....................................................................................................................71
Chapter 5
Basic Duct Symbols and Drawings ...................................................87
5.1 Duct Systems .........................................................................................................................88
5.2 Straight Duct Sections ............................................................................................................90
5.3 Fittings .................................................................................................................................92
5.4 Duct System Accessories ........................................................................................................106
Chapter 6
Estimating Duct Systems ................................................................119
6.1 Using an Architect’s Scale to Determine Duct System Dimensions and Component Locations ........120
6.2 Total Equivalent Length (TEL) ...............................................................................................121
6.3 Determining the Amount of Material Required to Fabricate a Duct Section .................................125
Chapter 7
Piping Drawings ..............................................................................137
7.1 Piping Systems ......................................................................................................................138
7.2 Piping Abbreviations .............................................................................................................140
7.3 Valves ..................................................................................................................................142
7.4 Pipe Fittings .........................................................................................................................144
7.5 Gauges and Switches .............................................................................................................146
7.6 Piping Symbols and Drawing Concepts ...................................................................................149
Chapter 8
Equipment Installation Considerations ............................................159
8.1 Equipment Location ..............................................................................................................160
8.2 Ductwork Location and Considerations ..................................................................................166
8.3 Plumbing Line Location and Considerations ............................................................................173