Professional Communication, 1st Edition Page 94 (110 of 512)

94 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 4 Grammar Skills Personal pronouns can be in one of three persons. A pronoun in first person refers to someone who is speaking or writing. A pronoun in second person refers to someone who is being addressed. A pronoun in third person refers to someone being discussed. Examples of pronouns in first, second, and third person are as follows. First person I am happy to be home. Give the information to us. Second person Alicia, will you return on Monday or Tuesday? Chet, your project is finished. Third person Pablo was tired, so he went home. The children ate lunch and then they played in the park. The case of a pronoun indicates the way it is used in a sentence. Nominative case pronouns are used as the subject in a sentence or as subject complements. Objective case pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, or objects of prepositions. Possessive case pronouns show ownership. Examples are shown in Figure 4-7. Note that some pronouns, such as you and it, can be either nominative or objective, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Other Pronouns Other types of pronouns include interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and adjective pronouns. These pronouns do not indicate gender, but they can indicate number. Some pronouns fall into more than one category, depending on their use in the sentence. Interrogative pronouns, which are used to ask a question, include what, which, who, whom, and whose. Typically, these pronouns do not have a known Pronoun Case Case Pronouns Examples Nominative I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who I am happy to be home. You should be careful. Who made this cake? Objective me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom Whom does Charles trust? Give me a ream of paper. Pass the bucket to him. Possessive my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, it, its, our, ours, their, theirs, whose My notes were unclear. Bring your homework to school. Whose phone is ringing? Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 4-7 Pronouns can be nominative, objective, or possessive case.

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94 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 4 Grammar Skills Personal pronouns can be in one of three persons. A pronoun in first person refers to someone who is speaking or writing. A pronoun in second person refers to someone who is being addressed. A pronoun in third person refers to someone being discussed. Examples of pronouns in first, second, and third person are as follows. First person I am happy to be home. Give the information to us. Second person Alicia, will you return on Monday or Tuesday? Chet, your project is finished. Third person Pablo was tired, so he went home. The children ate lunch and then they played in the park. The case of a pronoun indicates the way it is used in a sentence. Nominative case pronouns are used as the subject in a sentence or as subject complements. Objective case pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, or objects of prepositions. Possessive case pronouns show ownership. Examples are shown in Figure 4-7. Note that some pronouns, such as you and it, can be either nominative or objective, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Other Pronouns Other types of pronouns include interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and adjective pronouns. These pronouns do not indicate gender, but they can indicate number. Some pronouns fall into more than one category, depending on their use in the sentence. Interrogative pronouns, which are used to ask a question, include what, which, who, whom, and whose. Typically, these pronouns do not have a known Pronoun Case Case Pronouns Examples Nominative I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who I am happy to be home. You should be careful. Who made this cake? Objective me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom Whom does Charles trust? Give me a ream of paper. Pass the bucket to him. Possessive my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, it, its, our, ours, their, theirs, whose My notes were unclear. Bring your homework to school. Whose phone is ringing? Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 4-7 Pronouns can be nominative, objective, or possessive case.

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95 Section 4.2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. antecedent. The pronoun represents something or someone unknown. The suffix ever is sometimes used with interrogative pronouns to form words such as whoever or whatever. In the example that follows, who is used as an interrogative pronoun. Who answered the telephone? Relative pronouns are used to begin dependent clauses in complex sentences. Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, what, and that. The pronouns who, whom, and whose are used to refer to a person. Which, what, and that are used to refer to an animal or object. In the example that follows, who is used as a relative pronoun. The woman who came to the door asked for directions. Demonstrative pronouns identify or direct attention to a noun or pronoun. This, that, these, and those are demonstrative pronouns. This and that refer to singular nouns or pronouns. These and those refer to plural nouns or pronouns. This and these are generally used to refer to something nearby. That and those are generally used to refer to something at a distance. Nearby This was damaged during shipment. At a distance Those will be shipped from another city. Indefinite pronouns generally refer to an object or person that has been identified earlier or does not need specific identification. Examples of indefinite pronouns include some, none, one, every, neither, other, both, each, any, such, and another. Compound examples include everyone, somebody, anyone, anything, and someone. In the example that follows, some is used as an indefinite pronoun. Some will be thrown in the trash. Some pronouns can also be used as adjectives or in adjective clauses. Examples include some, none, all, and who. In the example that follows, some is used as an adjective pronoun. Would you like some fruit? Adjectives An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. Adjectives may provide details about the noun or pronoun that give you a better understanding of the person, place, or thing. In the first example that follows, brilliant and bold are adjectives that expand the meaning of colors. Adjectives can also define limits. In the second example that follows, two is an adjective that limits the meaning of students, the word it modifies or describes. Some adjectives are made from proper names and always begin with a capital letter, as shown in the third example. Brilliant, bold colors were used in the painting. Two students passed the exam. African lions live in family groups called “prides.”

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93 Section 4.2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. In some cases, adding an s to a word that already ends in s or an s sound results in an awkward pronunciation for the word. In those cases, the possessive is still formed using an apostrophe and an s. However, the extra s or es sound is not pronounced. Such words are often proper names. Mrs. Phillips’s home is located by the river. The Foxes’s relatives are coming to dinner. The Ganges’s banks were lined with trees. Pronouns A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. They can refer to people or things. Pronouns allow messages to flow smoothly without repeating nouns or noun phrases over and over. For example, you could begin a paragraph with a sentence that refers to Mr. Joseph Patel and then use the pronoun he to refer to Mr. Patel in later sentences. Pronouns should properly relate to the words they replace. When pronouns are not used correctly, the meaning of the sentence will be unclear. Antecedents The word that gets replaced with a pronoun is its antecedent. Most pronouns have antecedents, but some typically do not. The pronoun I, which refers to the speaker, and the pronoun you, which refers to the person being addressed, usually do not have antecedents. In the following examples, the pronouns are shown in italics. In the second example, girls is the antecedent of they. In the third example, ball is the antecedent of it. I am sure that you will win. The girls lost the game, and they were very upset. Shelia hit the ball before it touched the ground. Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things. To correctly use pronouns, you need to consider their properties: number, gender, person, and case. The number of a pronoun indicates whether it is singular (referring to one person or thing) or plural (referring to more than one person or thing). Gender indicates whether the pronoun refers to a male, a female, or an object without gender. Always use pronouns that agree with their antecedents in number and gender. Examples are shown in Figure 4-6. Pronouns Pronouns Number Gender Example she, her Singular Feminine Monica left her coat by the door. he, him Singular Masculine James arrived late, and he missed the kickoff. it Singular Neutral The ball was hit hard, and it went out of the park. they, we Plural Neutral The children played hard, and they grew tired. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 4-6 Pronouns indicate number and gender.

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Page 2Unit 1 Communication for a Digital Society click to expand contents

Page 41 - Professional Communication click to expand contents

Page 242 - Communicating in the Workplace click to expand contents

Page 463 - Digital Citizenship click to expand contents

Page 78Unit 2 Writing Basics click to expand contents

Page 804 - Grammar Skills click to expand contents

Page 1145 - Grammar Mechanics click to expand contents

Page 1446 - Writing Process click to expand contents

Page 1687 - Writing Style click to expand contents

Page 190Unit 3 Writing Professional Communication click to expand contents

Page 1928 - Writing Professional Messages click to expand contents

Page 2189 - Formatting Professional Messages click to expand contents

Page 24210 - Writing for Specialized Purposes click to expand contents

Page 26411 - Writing Reports click to expand contents

Page 29212 - Document Design click to expand contents

Page 312Unit 4 Speaking and Presenting click to expand contents

Page 31413 - Informal and Formal Presentations click to expand contents

Page 33614 - Delivering Presentations click to expand contents

Page 35415 - Enhancing a Presentation with Digital Media click to expand contents

Page 372Unit 5 Listening and Reading click to expand contents

Page 37416 - Listening with a Purpose click to expand contents

Page 39217 - Reading with a Purpose click to expand contents

Page 410Unit 6 Career Success click to expand contents

Page 41218 - Career Planning click to expand contents

Page 44019 - Writing for Employment click to expand contents

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