16  Copyright  Goodheart-Willcox  Co.,  Inc.  Chapter  1  Professional  Communication  Touch  Touch  is  another  form  of  nonverbal  communication  that  sends  strong  messages.  Haptics  communication  refers  to  nonverbal  communication  that  occurs  through  touch.  A  firm  handshake,  along  with  eye  contact  and  a  smile,  sends  an  important  message  when  you  are  introduced  to  someone  new.  These  gestures  convey  openness  and  confidence.  Open  and  confident  body  language  in  professional  situations  helps  you  create  an  impression  of  someone  who  is  competent  and  trustworthy.  In  the  workplace,  a  handshake  is  about  the  only  form  of  touch  that  is  acceptable.  Any  other  form  of  physical  contact  must  be  within  the  boundaries  of  correctness.  These  boundaries  vary,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  business  and  the  culture.  For  example,  a  dentist  must  touch  your  face  in  order  to  complete  an  examination.  However,  if  you  work  in  an  office  and  somebody  touched  your  face,  you  would  be  offended,  if  not  very  upset.  In  general,  do  not  engage  in  any  physical  contact  other  than  what  is  required  of  your  work.  Personal  Space  Personal  space  is  the  physical  space  between  two  individuals.  It  is  another  aspect  of  nonverbal  communication.  How  close  to  someone  do  you  stand  or  sit?  The  personal-space  boundary  becomes  apparent  when  someone  gets  too  close.  Be  aware  that  cultural  background  may  be  a  factor  in  defining  the  personal-space  boundary.  Americans  tend  to  keep  a  slightly  greater  distance  between  themselves  and  others  than  do  people  from  certain  cultures.  Consider  this  when  interacting  with  people  in  diverse  settings.  Exploring  Communication  Careers  Graphic  Designer  Print  and  online  advertising  rely  to  some  extent  on  graphic  images  to  catch  the  eye  of  potential  customers.  The  job  of  a  graphic  designer  is  to  create  illustrative  elements  that  present  goods  or  services  in  an  appealing  manner  ma  for  packaging,  logos,  brochures,  and  other  items  that  represent  the  business.  Typical  job  titles  for  this  visual  arts  position  po  si  ti  on  also  a  include  graphic  artist,  creative  director,  r  r  design  director,  and  r  r  desktop  publisher.r  r  Some  examples  of  tasks  k  that  t  ha  t  graphic  g  ra  ph  designers  perform  include:  •  Consult  with  th  the  t  he  client  c  li  en  to  determine  design.  •  Create  designs  and  layouts  for  product  d  c  t  packaging  pa  ck  ag  g  and  company  logos.  •  Use  graphic  design  software  to  generate  layouts.  •  Design  the  arrangement  of  illustrations  and  text.  •  Prepare  final  layouts  for  printing  or  production.  Graphic  designers  need  a  solid  knowledge  of  layout  principles  and  design  concepts,  as  well  as  artistic  ability.  They  must  also  be  familiar  with  design,  illustration,  photo  editing,  and  layout  software.  Many  graphic  design  jobs  require  a  bachelor  degree,  but  talented  and  experienced  designers  may  be  hired  without  a  four-year  degree.