xi C H A P T E R 3 Number Systems and Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 3.1 Decimal Number System ....................................................................44 3.2 Binary Number System ......................................................................45 3.3 Binary-to-Decimal Conversion ...........................................................45 3.4 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion............................................................45 3.5 Binary Addition ...................................................................................46 3.6 Binary Subtraction ..............................................................................48 3.7 Binary Multiplication ..........................................................................49 3.8 Binary Division....................................................................................50 3.9 Hexadecimal Number System ............................................................50 3.10 Octal Number System ....................................................................... 51 3.11 Binary Coded Decimal System ......................................................... 51 3.12 Gray Code........................................................................................... 52 3.13 Alphanumeric Code ...........................................................................53 C H A P T E R 4 Input/Output Devices and Motor Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 4.1 Pushbuttons and Switches ..................................................................60 4.2 Sensors.................................................................................................63 4.3 Indicators............................................................................................. 72 4.4 Relays, Contactors, and Solenoids ...................................................... 72 4.5 Motor Control Devices ......................................................................... 75 C H A P T E R 5 Creating Relay Logic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 5.1 Relay Logic Diagrams ......................................................................... 81 5.2 Rules for Drawing Relay Logic Diagrams..........................................82 5.3 Creating Relay Logic Diagrams for Industrial Control Circuits ......86 3 4 5